葡萄离体嫁接部位的生理生化变化

Physiological and biochemical changes in the graft site after in vitro grafting in grape

【目的】研究葡萄嫁接部位生理生化变化与嫁接亲和性的关系。【方法】以不同葡萄砧木和品种试管苗为试材,通过劈接法进行试管苗嫁接,检测与亲和性相关的不同生理生化指标,以嫁接成活率为葡萄试管嫁接苗的亲和能力的衡量指标,用相关分析法确定评价葡萄嫁接亲和性的主要相关指标。【结果】通过嫁接成活率比较,‘贝达’+‘红地球’组合成活率最高,达88.89%,而‘贝达’+‘黑比诺’成活率最低,为64.44%。以嫁接成活为指标判断试验组合嫁接亲和性强弱顺序为:‘贝达’+‘红地球’>‘双优’+‘红地球’>‘贝达’+‘赤霞珠’>‘双优’+‘赤霞珠’>‘双优’+‘黑比诺’>‘贝达’+‘黑比诺’。对嫁接愈合部位的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)等酶活性和赤霉素(GA)、单宁、果糖含量的变化量与成活率进行相关性分析表明,除果糖变化量外其他指标变化量均与成活率显著相关,SOD呈极显著相关。【结论】嫁接愈合部位的SOD、POD、CAT、PPO活性及GA3和单宁含量的变化量与亲和性显著相关,而果糖含量的变化量与亲和性无显著相关性。

[Objective] In this study, the survival rates of different combinations of in vitro grafted grapes were investigated. The relationships of physiological and biochemical parameters including the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, peroxidase （POD） and polyphenol oxidase （PPO）, and the contents of gibberellin （GA3）, tannin and fructose in the graft site to graft affinity were studied. The purpose of this study was to obtain an understanding of physiological and biochemical aspects related to graft affinity. [Methods]The plantlets of ＇Shuangyou＇ and ＇Beta＇ grape were used as rootstocks, and ＇Pi- not Noir＇ , ＇ Cabernet Sauvignon＇ and ＇ Red Globe＇ as scions. Healthy plantlets were chosen for cleft grafting. Each group contained 90 grafted plantlets. 14 days after grafting, stem segments 1.5 cm above and below the grafting sites were cut into pieces and stored in liquid nitrogen for later use. The activities of SOD, CAT, POD and PPO and the contents of GA3, tannin and fructose were measured. The survival rate was used to indicate the graft affinity. Correlations of the above physiological parameters to grafting af- finity were analyzed. [Results]The group of ＇Beta＇/＇ Red Globe＇ （rootstock/scion） had the highest surviv- al rate （88.89%）, and the lowest survival rate was found in the group of ＇Beta＇/＇ Pinot Noir＇ （64.44%）. In all the groups, the enzyme activity of SOD varied greatly in the late period of healing process. The group of ＇Beta＇/ ＇Red Globe＇ had the greatest variation （1 107.8 U·g^-1·min^-1 FW）, and the lowest changerange was 157.4 U·g^-1·min^-1 found in the group of ＇Beta＇/＇ Pinot Noir＇. The activity of POD maintained stable during 14 to 28 d after grafting but changed greatly during 28-35 d. Among them, the group ＇Be- ta＇/＇ Red Globe＇ changed most greatly with a range of 78.7 U·g-1. min-1, while the group of ＇ Beta＇/＇ Pi- not Noir＇ had the lowest change range （53.0 U·g^-1·min^-1）. There was no defined pattern for CAT activity during the healing process, and hence the change pattern might be species-specific. CAT activity in all groups changed significantly from 14 to 21 d after grafting, and the group of ＇Beta＇/＇Red Globe＇ changed with a greatest range （71.09 U·g^-1·min^-1）. The activity of PPO maintained basically stable in the early days after grafting, and had decreased significantly by day 35. The group of ＇ Beta＇ /＇ Red Globe＇ changed most widely in a range of 27.1 U·g^-1·min^-1. The content of GA3 changed greatly from day 14 to day 28. The greatest change in GA3 was 11.44 μg·g-1 found in the group of ＇Beta＇/＇Red Globe＇ and the lowest change was 10.16 μg·g-1 in the group of ＇Shuangyou＇/＇Cabernet Sauvignon＇. Tannin content showed a sharp rise in plantlets with ＇Shuangyou＇ as rootstock but a sharp decline in those grafted onto ＇Beta＇ during 14-21 d after grafting, suggesting change pattern of tannin differed according to rootstock species. During this period, tannin content in the group of ＇Beta＇/＇Red Globe＇ showed the largest de- cline, which was 26.66 μg·g-1. At day 35, fructose content in all the groups reached the lowest level but increased gradually later except for ＇Shuangyou＇/＇Pinot Noir＇. From day 14 to day 35, the group of ＇ Be- ta＇/＇Red Globe＇ had the greatest change range （38.4 mg·g-1）. [Conclusion] According to the graft surviv- al rates in different graft combinations and the changes in various physiological and biochemical parame- ters in graft site, the graft affinity in a descending order was ＇ Beta＇/＇ Red Globe＇ 〉 ＇ Shuangyou＇/＇ Red Globe＇ 〉 ＇ Beta＇/＇ Cabernet Sauvignon＇ 〉 ＇ Shuangyou＇/＇ Cabernet Sauvignon＇ 〉 ＇ Shuangyou＇/＇ Caber- net Sauvignon＇ 〉 ＇Shuangyou＇/＇Pinot Noir＇ 〉 ＇Beta＇/＇Pinot Noir＇. The enzyme activities of SOD, POD, CAT and PPO and the contents of GA3 and tannin were significantly correlated with affinity, but not for fructose content.