环境协商治理的理论逻辑与制度反思——以《环境保护公众参与办法》为例

Reflection upon the Theoretical Logic and System of Deliberative Environmental Governance: Based on Measues on Public Participation in Environmental Protection

环境协商治理的理论认知来自于对其内在意蕴的把握以及其理论来源的分析。环境治理公众参与具备了实现、保障和实现公民环境权利的功能并且富有从实体到程序上的理论与实践价值。哈贝马斯的协商民主理论从人性角度出发,通过交往理性的逻辑推演出协商民主理论,这种民主模式对于公共事务的治理有着互相推动、共同促进的作用。但环境协商治理面临的现实困境是环境私主体参与制度存在着严重不足,社会保守思潮盛行,为此,应当推进贯彻善治理念优化官民关系,革新环境行政程序,创新社会管理,使环境市民社会得到快速成长。

The theoretical knowledge of deliberative environmental governance comes from the grasp of its inner meaning and the analysis of its theoretical sources. Public participation in environmental governance helps safeguard and realize the environmental rights of the general public, and is valuable in practice and theory from entities to procedures. Starting from human nature, Habermas deduced deliberative democracy theory from the logic of communicative reason. This democracy model and public affairs feed into and push each other. The real predicaments facing deliberative environmental governance are the deficiency of private subject participation system and the prevalence of conservatism. Therefore, we need to carry out good governance to better the relationship between the government and the citizens, reform the administrative order of environment, and innovate social administration so as to promote the development of environmental civil society.