低温环境下轮轨材料滚动磨损模拟试验研究

Simulation Experiment for Rolling Wear of Wheel/rail Materials under Low Temperature Environment

针对高寒地区温度环境特点,设计了低温环境轮轨磨损模拟试验装置,实现了低温环境下轮轨滚动磨损模拟试验,对比研究了室温（23~25℃）及–60℃试验温度下轮轨试样的滚动摩擦系数、磨损量、硬度及表面损伤等变化情况.结果表明：与室温环境条件相比,低温环境条件下轮轨材料的摩擦系数、磨损量均明显增大;低温环境下试验后轮/轨硬度比较室温环境下增大,车轮硬化情况严重;随温度的降低,轮轨试样的表面磨痕呈现出不同的损伤机制;所设计低温环境轮轨磨损模拟试验机可用来评价不同低温环境下车轮与钢轨材料摩擦磨损行为.

According to the temperature characteristics of alpine cold area environment, the wheel/rail rolling wear simulation experiment device under low temperature environment was designed and implemented the wheel/rail rolling wear simulation experiments under low temperature environment. The hardness, friction coefficient, wear surface damage of wheel/rail friction pair at room temperature（23~25 ℃） and –60 ℃ test temperature were comparatively investigated. The results show that the wheel/rail materials friction coefficient and wear volume of low temperature environment condition were significantly increased compared with environmental conditions at room temperature.Under the environment of low temperature, the hardness of wheel and rail was higher than that under room temperature environment, and wheel hardening was severe. With the decrease in temperature, the surface wear scar of wheel and rail materials showed different damage mechanism. The wheel/rail rolling wear simulation experiment device can be used to assess the wheel rail material friction and wear behaviors under different low temperature environment.