对塔里木盆地南缘绿洲可持续发展的思考与建议

Suggestions for Sustainable Development of the Oases in the South Rim of Tarim Basin

基于策勒国家野外站长期监测与研究成果,以塔里木盆地南缘绿洲可持续发展为主题,总结分析指出,当前绿洲可持续发展的核心还是以水资源为主线的绿洲适宜规模开发。在认识论层面,需要对绿洲化进行再认识,强调荒漠化与绿洲化的本质统一,即在极端干旱背景下,荒漠化或风沙危害加剧的深层原因还是绿洲"入侵"的不合理性。在方法论层面,需要重视绿洲规模不确定性的本质特征,并在充分考虑自然与社会各模块基础上,提出绿洲适宜规模不确定性的概念模型。最后,强调多学科交叉、长期监测网络在绿洲研究中的重要性。总之,解决新疆极端干旱背景下风沙危害治理、实现绿洲生态稳定与可持续发展的核心问题是探寻绿洲与荒漠共存的平衡点(阈)。

Oasis plays an important role in desert-grassland ecosystems and is greatly challenged by climate change and growing land use change.In this paper,the oases sustainable development in the south rim of Tarim Basin was mainly discussed base on reviewing the research progress of eolian control and previous research projects by Cele National Research Station.Then we pointed out on the epistemological level,oasification should be deeply re-understood,and emphasized the relation between desertification and oasification,that is exacerbated desertification was actually caused by unsuitable oasification process.On the methodological level,the inherent uncertainty of oasischaracteristics should be taken into be consideration,and then one simple uncertainty concept model about suitable oasis scale was provided,considering natural and social factors.As a conclusion,in the hyper-arid area of Xinjiang,to control eolian/desertification and to achieve oasis sustainable development,the key point is to properly define the balance between oasis and desert.