论《食品安全法》中的惩罚性赔偿——以我国惩罚性赔偿的责任性质为视角

On the Punitive Damages in Food Safety Law——From the Perspective of Liability Nature of the Punitive Damages in China

惩罚性赔偿是法定的加重责任,不能单纯地将之归入违约责任或是侵权责任。惩罚性赔偿规范有其独特的价值核心,对其研究应从特别法中的惩罚性赔偿规范要件出发进行具体分析。《食品安全法》惩罚性赔偿是一种"风险化的民事责任",但这并不代表其是一种"行政化的民事责任",须将《食品安全法》的整体立法目的与民事责任性质相结合才能保持整个民事责任体系的相对均衡。对于私人法律执行功能的强调同样应基于民事责任性质予以限制。

Punitive damage is a legally enhanced responsibility, and cannot be simply classified as liability for breach of contract or tort liability. Punitive damage specification has its unique core value, and the research should start from the special requirements of punitive damage specification. Punitive damage in Food Safety Law is a kind of risking civil liability, but this does not necessarily mean that it is a kind of administrative civil liability, and we should combine the whole legislative purpose of Food Safety Law with the nature of civil liability,in this way we can maintain the relative balance of the whole civil liability system. Emphasis on private law enforcement functions also should be limited based on the nature of civil liability.