平原村落空心化特征分析及类型识别

Characteristic analysis and type identification of village hollowing on the Chengdu Plain

成都平原村落空心化日趋成为影响区域土地资源可持续利用的重要问题。本研究以社会经济数据、实地调查数据和航拍影像图为基础,从空心化程度、空废宅基地聚集程度和空心化驱动导向三个维度建立村落空心化类型识别体系,对5个典型样本村落进行空间特征分析与驱动导向判定,将其识别为高度离散外援型空心化等5种类型。结果表明,秦家庙村、中平村和先锋村空心化程度高于7.15%,属高度空心化,永和村和永盛村空心化程度低于7.15%,属低度空心化;各村落平均最邻近距离系数均大于1,空废宅基地聚集程度均为离散;秦家庙村与永盛村空心化驱动导向为外援型,永和村与先锋村为内核型,中平村为外援内核型。本研究对于成都平原农村土地综合整治具有现实意义。

Research into village hollowing in the Chengdu Plain, China has become important and urgent because of the need for the sustainable utilization of land resources. Here, we collected socio-economic data from statistical yearbooks, field investigations and household interviews, and obtainedaerial photographs from private unmanned aerial vehicles. We developed a type identification system for village hollowing from three dimensions： hollowing degree, aggregation degree and driving force. Hollowing degree was defined as the ratio of disused homestead area;aggregation degree was calculated using the Average Nearest Neighbor Distance; and driving force was decidedusing a combined approach of analytic hierarchy and entropy methods. Characteristic analysis and type identification were then conducted to classify five sample villages into five categories such as‘outer- driving village hollowing with high hollowing degree and scattered settlement distribution＇. We found that the hollowing degree of Qinjiamiao, Zhongping and Yongsheng are above 7.15%, indicating that they are at a high level of hollow degree, while that of Yonghe and Yongsheng are below 7.15%, indicating a low hollowing degree.Disused homesteads in the five sample villages are scattered, with nearest neighbor distance indices greater than 1.Driving forces in Qinjiamiao and Yongsheng belong to the outer- driving type, indicating that village hollowing in these areas is deeply shaped by urbanization and industrialization. Yonghe and Xianfeng belong to the inner- driving type, where village hollowing is mainly the consequence of residential condition decline. Zhongping belongs to the outer- inner- driving type, displaying features of two other driving types.