2012-2014年河北省流感暴发疫情流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza outbreaks in Hebei province during 2012-2014

目的 探讨2012-2014年河北省流感暴发疫情的流行特征,为河北省流感的防控提供科学依据.方法 收集2012-2014年河北省突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统及流感监测信息系统中流感暴发疫情资料,分析流感暴发疫情的流行特征.结果 2012-2014年河北省共报告16起流感暴发疫情,累计发病1176例;疫情分布于5个地市,其中廊坊报告暴发疫情数最多（6起）.暴发时间主要集中在每年的11月至次年2月,占87.50％（14/16）.除1起发生在医院外,其余15起均发生在学校,以中小学校为主（13起,81.25％）;地市市区（城市）11起（68.75％）.引起流感暴发疫情的流感病毒主要为季节性H3N2流感病毒.流感暴发疫情首例发病到接报时间与疫情持续时间成正相关（r=0.913,P＜0.001）.结论 河北省流感暴发疫情主要集中在冬季,以局部暴发为主,中小学校是流感暴发疫情的高发场所,加强监测、尽早采取措施是控制流感暴发疫情的关键.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features of influenza outbreaks in Hebei province from 2012 to 2014,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza.Methods Data on influenza outbreaks were collected from public health emergence report information system and Chinese influenza surveillance information system from 2012 to 2014.The epidemiologic characteristics of the outbreaks were analyzed.Results A total of 16 outbreaks and 1176 cases of influenza were reported in Hebei province during the above period.The epidemics were distributed in 5 cities,and the maximum number of outbreaks was reported in Langfang （6 outbreaks）.Most of the outbreaks （14/16,87.50%） were reported from November to February of the next year.All outbreaks,except for one in the hospital,occurred in the schools,especially primary and middle schools （13/16,81.25%）.Eleven outbreaks （68.75%） occurred in urban areas,and the outbreaks were mainly caused by H3N2 subtype of influenza virus.The time between the onset of index and case reporting correlated positively with the duration of whole outbreak （r =0.913,P 〈 0.001）.Conclusions The influenza epidemic in Hebei province was characterized by local outbreaks in primary and middle schools in winter.Enhanced influenza surveillance and rapid control measures are the most effective ways for the control of the outbreaks.