美国转基因三文鱼商业化的启示

Implications of US GMO Salmon approved for commercial food use

美国食品药品管理局(FDA)2015年11月16日发布公告确定水优三文鱼与非转基因三文鱼一样安全可以食用,这标志着转基因三文鱼在美国已经获得美国政府权威机构的最终批准,依法可以商业销售和食用.中国科学院水生生物研究所是全球成功获得转基因鱼的第一个研究所,后来的研发依然居于世界同类研发的前沿,但中国没有能够在全球获得商业化的事实,值得我们反思.现行的转基因作物、食品法规已经不适应新的生物技术的出现(主要是指基因编辑技术).美国总统科技政策办公室于2015年7月给美国农业部(USDA)、食品药品管理局(FDA)和美国环保局(EPA)发了一个题为"制定生物技术产品的现代化法规体系"的备忘录,要求这3个部委在一年内拿出草案供进一步讨论.如何调整我国生物技术产业的政策,需要中国各领域科学、法律专家以及政府部门统筹解决,对生物技术领域的产业化做一个全面的讨论和决策.

The US Food and Drug Administration （FDA） announced on November 16, 2015 that the genetically modified AquAdvantage Salmon is as safe to eat as non-GMO salmons. This means that the genetically modified fish has finally been approved by the sole authority in this field-FDA-in the United States, and can now be legally marketed as food. It is worth noting that the world＇s first institute to obtain a genetically modified fish was the Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, whose research remains, even now, at the forefront of the researches in the world, but has not yet been commercialized. This is a fact that deserves out reflections. The current Chinese legislation on transgenic plants, animals and foods can no longer account for the emergence of new biotechnologies, especially the gene-edit technology. In July 2015, the US President＇s Office of Science and Technology Policy sent a memorandum entitled ＂Modernizing the Regulatory System for Biotechnology Products＂ to the Department of Agriculture, FDA, and the Environmental Protection Agency, requiring them to produce a draft regulation in one year for further discussion. How to amend Chinese regulations and policies concerning China＇s biotechnology industry needs the combined efforts of scientists, legal experts, and government officials, who should conduct comprehensive discussions of and make decisions on the industrialization of biotechnology.