不同高山杜鹃品种花粉活力测定及贮藏方法研究

Study on Viability and Storage Capacity of Pollen among Different Rhododendron lapponicum Cultivars

以大白花杜鹃、XXL、亮叶杜鹃、马缨花杜鹃和黄杯杜鹃为研究对象,采用花粉离体培养,比较不同的贮藏条件下花粉活力随贮藏时间的变化情况。结果表明,不同杜鹃品种花粉培养基琼脂均为0.7%,大白花杜鹃最适萌发培养基为:蔗糖50 g/L,硼酸50 mg/L,氯化钙50 mg/L;马缨花杜鹃最适萌发培养基为:蔗糖100 g/L,硼酸30 mg/L,氯化钙30 mg/L;黄杯杜鹃、XXL和亮叶杜鹃最适萌发培养基均为:蔗糖100 g/L,硼酸0 mg/L,氯化钙30 mg/L;不同品种的杜鹃花新鲜花粉萌发率差异较大,按花粉萌发率从大到小排序为黄杯杜鹃>亮叶杜鹃>大白花杜鹃>XXL>马缨花杜鹃;黄杯杜鹃花花粉在4个不同温度贮藏条件下花粉萌发率均比XXL和马缨花杜鹃高,说明黄杯杜鹃花花粉的活力较强,在杂交育种中可以优先考虑。

To investigate the pollen viability of Rhododendron lapponicum cultivars, the pollen germination rate of Rhododendron decorum, Rhododendron XXL, Rhododendron vernicosum, Rhododendron decorum Franch and Rhododendron wardii were determined by culture in vitro under different storage conditions. The results showed that the optimal germination medium of pollen for Rhododendron decorum was sucrose 50 g/L＋H_3BO_3 50 mg/L＋CaCl_2 50 mg/L＋0.7% agar; sucrose 100 g/L＋H_3BO_3 30 mg/L＋CaCl_2 30 mg/L＋0.7% agar for Rhododendron decorum Franch;sucrose 100 g/L＋H_3BO 30 mg/L＋CaCl_2 30 mg/L＋0.7% agar for Rhododendron wardii, Rhododendron XXL and Rhododendron vernicosum. There were significant differences in germination rate of pollen among difference Rhododendron cultivars, the germination rate of pollen was in order as： Rhododendron wardii〉Rhododendron vernicosum〉Rhododendron decorum 〉Rhododendron XXL 〉Rhododendron decorum Franch. The germination rate of pollen of Rhododendron wardii under 4 different storage temperature conditions were higher than that of Rhododendron XXL and Rhododendron decorum Franch, which indicated the pollen of Rhododendron wardii performance higher vitality, which can be applied in hybrid breeding.