连云港市设施蔬菜施肥与土壤养分状况分析

Analysis on the Fertilization and Soil Nutrient Status of Facilities Vegetables in Lianyungang City

连云港市施肥情况调查结果表明,大多数大棚土壤实行高氮、极高磷和高钾的施肥模式,致使养分投入不平衡。分析结果显示,连云港市设施栽培土壤p H值逐年降低,平均由7.55降低到7.22,土壤养分比第二次土壤普查时大幅增加:有机质增加12.86 g/kg,全氮增加0.28 g/kg,速效氮增加121.35 mg/kg,有效磷增加2.05 mg/kg,速效钾增加99.81 mg/kg,缓效钾增加152.12 mg/kg,且各养分的增加与棚龄呈极显著相关性。土壤养分的迅速增加,说明设施栽培下施肥量过大而未被作物吸收,积累在土壤中。养分的过分积累,使部分设施出现了盐渍化、酸化等问题,土壤结构被破坏,养分含量失衡,微生物群落结构改变,种植障碍不断发生。

The investigation of fertilizer application showed that the model of high nitrogen, high phosphorus and high potassium fertilization in most of the greenhouse soil in Lianyungang resulted in the imbalance of nutrient input. The results showed that Lianyungang city facilities cultivation p H value decreased year by year, the average was reduced from 7.55 to 7.22, soil nutrients increased significantly compared with the second soil survey, the organic matter increased 12.86 g/kg, total nitrogen increased 0.28 g/kg,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen increased 121.35 mg/kg, available phosphorus increased 2.05 mg/kg, available potassium increased99.81 mg/kg, slow-release potassium increased 152.12 mg/kg, and various nutrients increased with the age of greenhouse was extremely significant correlation. The rapid increase of soil nutrient, which indicates that the fertilizer application amount is too large and not to be absorbed and accumulated in the soil. The excessive accumulation of nutrients in the soil has the problems of salinization and acidification, soil structure is destroyed, nutrient contents unbalance, microbial community structure changes, and planting barriers continue to occur.