基于RS和GIS的内蒙古自治区土地利用及景观格局变化

Changes of Land Use and Landscape Pattern in Inner Mongolia Region Based on RS and GIS

内蒙古地区属于生态环境脆弱区,其土地覆被变化的研究对于全球环境变化有重要意义。为了解内蒙古地区土地利用及景观格局时空变化特征,以2001,2005,2010年3期遥感影像为基础,利用ArcGIS 10.0和FRAGSTATS 4.0软件,对研究区2001—2010年土地利用和景观格局时空变化特征进行分析研究。结果表明,内蒙古景观要素类型以草地、未利用地和耕地为主;2001—2010年草地和建设用地面积增加,耕地、林地、未利用地和水域面积持续减少;建设用地的动态变化幅度最大,林地最小;草地、耕地和未利用地转换频繁;研究区多样性指数从1.304下降到1.204,均匀度指数从0.728下降到0.627,优势度指数从0.598上升到0.614,景观异质性降低。

Inner Mongolia region belongs to the fragile ecological environment, research for their land cover change for global environmental change is important. To understand the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of land use and landscape pattern in Inner Mongolia region, based on 2001, 2005 and 2010 three remote sensing images and using FRAGSTATS 4.0, ArcGIS 10.0 software,the study area from 2001 to 2010 land use and landscape characteristics of temporal and spatial variation were analyzed. The results showed that the landscape element types were mainly grassland,unused land and cultivated land of Inner Mongolia. The areas of grassland and construction land were on the rise, the cultivated land, forest land, unused land and the water area continued to decline from 2001 to 2010. The dynamic change of the construction land was maximum, and the forest land was minimum. The grassland, forest land and the unused land were converted frequently. Diversity index in the study area decreased from 1.304 to 1.204, evenness index decreased from 0.728 to 0.627, respectively, dominance increased from 0.598 to 0.614, landscape heterogeneity reduced.