乙型肝炎疫苗阻断母婴传播的新挑战：隐匿性感染

Occult hepatitis B virus infection： a new challenge for hepatitis B vaccine to block mother-to-child transmission

部分HBsAg阳性母亲所生婴儿免疫阻断后虽然HBsAg阴性且抗-HBs阳性,即符合目前HBV母婴阻断成功的标准,但其血清HBV DNA检测阳性,提示这些婴儿免疫阻断后存在隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染（OBI）.免疫阻断后婴儿OBI的潜在临床意义及其对HBV母婴阻断策略的挑战应引起重视.现对HBsAg阳性母亲所生婴儿免疫预防后OBI的流行病学、血清学特点以及相关因素等方面研究进展进行综述.

Occult hepatitis B virus infection （OBI） could occur in infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers after active and passive immunization,even though their serological patterns suggested successful protection from HBV mother-to-infant transmission according to the current criteria of being HBsAg-negative and anti-HBs positive.We should take into account its potential clinical impact and reconsider the effectiveness of the present immunoprophylaxis against HBV in this population.This review will focus on topics including the prevalence,serological features and probable risk factors underlying the phenomenon of OBI in infants with HBsAg carrier mothers after immunization.