北冰洋航线对航运公司航线择港决策的影响

The influence of the arctic routes on selecting ports for liner shipping companies

随着北冰洋的冰层不断融化,北冰洋航线全面通航的可能性日益增加,以海洋运输为中心的新一轮竞争拉开帷幕.北冰洋航线的开通将使亚欧间的海运航线大幅缩短,可以节约营运成本,降低航行风险,并能增加新的货种.北冰洋航线的出现使得整体的航运公司的班轮航线发生改变,新航线的出现为航运公司提供了更多的选择.本文首先针对北冰洋航线之一的东北航线进行了各种运输成本的分析,并考虑东北航线的季节及运输量带来的成本差异,以运输成本和在港装卸成本之和最小为目标,建立了航运公司航线的最优挂靠港选择模型.最后采用MATLAB进行求解,得出了航运公司在不同季节和不同装载量时的不同的挂靠港及不同航线的结果.

As the ice of arctic melting,the possibility of voyage through the arctic route increases gradually.A new round of competition centered by ocean transportation is opening.The opening of the arctic routes will shorten the shipping routes between Asia and Europe,which also saves the operation costs,reducing the risk of navigation and bringing new kinds of cargoes.The presence of the arctic route alters the whole liner routes of the shipping company and the emergence of new routes provides more choices for the shipping companies.Firstly this paper focuses on the northern sea route which is part of arctic routes,and analysis its transportation costs,considering the different season and the different volume.Then a model is formulated for selecting the most suitable port among the optional ports,targeting the minimized sum of transportation cost and unloading cost in the port.Finally MATLAB is used to solve this model,and the results show that the shipping company choose distinct ports and routes in terms of variation on seasons volumes.