有机物料还田对烟田土壤养分、微生物数量与酶活性的影响

Effects of Different Organic Materials on Soil Nutrients, Microbial Quantity and Enzyme Activities in Tobacco Field

通过大田试验,将3种有机物料（玉米秆、有机肥、紫云英）还田应用于烤烟生产,探讨了其对土壤基本理化性状、微生物数量、酶活性的影响。结果表明：与常规施肥相比,3种有机物料还田后,烟田的土壤有机质含量提高了3.4%~11.2%,微生物总活性提高了123.1%~161.5%;蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶的活性分别提高了9.5%~37.3%和17.4%~37.0%;上等烟比例提高了2.1~2.6个百分点,烟叶产量提高3.7%~7.4%;其中以有机肥还田的效果最好。这表明有机物料还田能一定程度地提高土壤有机质和土壤养分含量,增加土壤细菌和放线菌数量,增强微生物总活性和土壤酶活性,同时还能提高烟叶的产质量。

Through the field experiment, 3 kinds of organic materials（corn straw, organic fertilizer and Chinese milk vetch） returning were applied in tobacco production to explore their effects on soil physical and chemical properties, microbial quantity and enzyme activity. The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization, the effects of 3 kinds of organic materials returning were as follows： the soil organic matter content in tobacco field raised by 3.4%~11.2%, total microbial activity increased by 123.1%~161.5%, the activity of sucrose enzyme and catalase increased by 9.5%~37.3% and 17.4%~37.0% respectively, the proportion of fine tobacco increased by 2.1%~2.6%, and the yield of tobacco leaves improved by 3.7%~7.4%; among them, organic fertilizer returning had the best effect. It was indicated that organic materials returning could raise the contents of soil organic matter and nutrients to a certain degree, increase the number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes, enhance total microbial activity and enzyme activity, and improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves as well.