奇异獾蛛的生物学特性及越冬生态研究

Bionomics and Overwintering Ecology of Wolf Spider, Trochosa ruricola

人工饲养奇异獾蛛,观察和记录其生物学特性及越冬生态特点,测定其耐饥耐旱能力,发现幼蛛的发育历期为109~181 d,2龄幼蛛的历期最短,随着蜘蛛的生长,各龄期的历期越来越长。3龄之后,蛛体越来越大,蜕皮的间隔期也逐渐延长,4龄之前和6龄之后蜘蛛的生长速度均比较慢,4~6龄之间蜘蛛生长速度最快;奇异獾蛛以成蛛、亚成蛛和幼蛛3种蛛态越冬,其中幼蛛所占比例最多,约为50%。其耐饥耐旱能力与蜘蛛的发育阶段和性别有关,平均生存天数是成蛛>亚成蛛>低龄若蛛,雌成蛛>雄成蛛。

Bionomics and overwintering ecology of artificial raising wolf spiders, Trochosa ruricola were observed and recorded to determine its starvation and drought tolerance abilities. The results showed that the total development duration of spiderlings was 109-181 d, the duration of the 2nd spiderlings was the shortest, and with the growth of spiderlings, the duration was longer and longer subsequently. After the 3rd stage, the body of spiderlings became increasingly larger, and the intercalary time of ecdysis was also increasingly longer. The growth rates of the 4^（th）-6^（th）spiderlings were faster than those of spiderlings before the 4^（th） stage and after the 6^（th） stage. The wolf spider overwintered in three life stages, spiderlings, sub-adults and adults, among which the number of spiderlings was the largest, about 50%. Its starvation and drought tolerance abilities were related to the developmental stages and sexuality of the spider, and the descending order of average survival days was adults sub-adults spiderlings, and female adults male adults.