不同生长模式下人参土壤微生物群落结构研究

Study on soil microbial community structure of different growth patterns in Panax ginseng

为明确不同生长模式下人参土壤微生物群落结构组成,以野山参、林下参和农田栽参土壤作为试验材料,利用磷脂脂肪酸分析法(PLFA)测定人参土壤微生物群落结构组成。结果表明,不同生长模式下人参土壤中C、N含量不同,野山参土壤中全C和全N含量均显著高于林下参和农田栽参土壤(P<0.05),是农田栽参土壤的10.30和4.61倍;C/N比为野山参土壤>林下参土壤>农田栽参土壤,野山参和林下参土壤C/N比差异不显著,但远高于农田栽参土壤;野山参土壤微生物总量最高为1 671.05 nmol·g^(-1),农田栽参土壤最低为266.80 nmol·g^(-1)。不同人参生长模式下细菌均为优势菌群,但放线菌在野山参土壤中含量为187.18 nmol·g^(-1),林下参土壤中为26.12nmol·g^(-1),农田栽参土壤中为6.77 nmol·g^(-1)。通过挖掘功能微生物发现,代表抗逆性微生物指标蓝细菌(182ω6)及革兰氏阳性菌与革兰氏阴性菌比值(G+/G-)均为野山参土壤>林下参土壤>农田栽参土壤,野山参土壤中蓝细菌含量是林下参土壤的3.51倍,农田栽参土壤则未检出;野山参土壤中G+/G-分别是林下参土壤和农田栽参土壤的6.93和9.10倍。野山参土壤微生物量大、种群丰度高,生产实践中可通过添加外援微生物改变土壤微生物群落结构及组成提高农田栽参土壤肥力。

To understand the effects of soil microbial community structure of different growth patterns（wild ginseng, understory wild ginseng and cultivated ginseng） in Panax ginseng. Soil microbial community structure were determined with phospholipid fatty acid analysis（PLFA） in our study. It was showed that total C and total N contents of wild ginseng soil were higher than that of understory wild ginseng and cultivated ginseng（P0.05）, especially the contents of total C and N, which were 10.30 and 4.61 times in the wild ginseng soil higher than in cultivated ginseng soil; the values of C/N ratio of wild ginseng and understory wild ginseng soil were higher than that of cultivated ginseng soil（P0.05）,while there was no significant difference between wild ginseng and understory wild ginseng soil; the value of total microbial biomass was highest（1 671.05 nmol·g^（-1）） in wild ginseng soil and was lowest（266.80 nmol·g^（-1）） in cultivated ginseng. The dominant microflora in the three growth patterns was all bacterias. However, the actinomycete was beneficial bacteria for ginseng growth, and the amount of actinomycete was 187.18, 26.12 and 6.77 nmol·g^（-1）in wild ginseng, understory wild ginseng and cultivated ginseng, separately. The soil microbial biomass of 182ω6 and gram-negative bacteria/gram-positive bacteria（G＋/G-） were highest in wild ginseng, followed by understory wild ginseng and cultivated ginseng; the content of 182ω6 in wild ginseng was 3.51 times than that in understory wild ginseng, and no content in cultivated ginseng. The value of G＋/G-in wild ginseng was 6.93 and 9.10 times higher than that in understory ginseng and cultivated ginseng, respectively. By comparison with the other two growth patterns, it was shown that there were highest total C and N contents, largest amount of microbial, highest abundance of species in wild ginseng soil. Cultivated ginseng soil could be changed the soil composition and microbial community structure by adding the microbial fertilizer in production practice.