现代技术-工业与“人的主体性”的确证——基于马克思哲学视角的考察

Modern Technology-Industry and the Confirmation of Human Subjectivity:Based on an Exploration in the View of Marxist Philosophy

"人的主体性"确证的问题是马克思哲学的理论前提与基础。与近代哲学不同的是,马克思认为"人的主体性"的确证不仅仅是一个理论问题,更是一个如何在历史中实现的问题。进而,马克思立足于"物质生活"生产实践的研究,从现代技术-工业活动的研究中探寻"人的主体性"何以可能以及何以实现的问题:首先,现代技术以工业活动的方式体现着人的类本质,是人的主体性的确证。科技作为人的劳动生产能力的集中体现,是经济增长和社会发展的基础与动力;其次,现代技术-工业运行着工具理性的逻辑,科技作为推动历史发展的进步力量,同时也可能成为异己力量,从而导致人的主体性的丧失;最后,人的主体性的确证要以现代技术-工业的高度发展,以及在此基础上形成的人与人之间"普遍交往"的确立为基础,从而通过实现社会关系的合理性发展以及现代技术的自身改进与转型来探寻技术的人性化发展的道路。

The topic on confirming human subjectivity is a theoretical premise and basis of Marxist philosophy,which,unlike the modern philosophy,is a problem of how to be realized in human history,more than a theoretical one.Furthermore,based on studying the concept of＂material life＂of production practice,Marx explored the possibility of human subjectivity and how to be realized by studying modern technology-industry：First,modern technology,in the form of industrial activities,reflecting human nature,is the confirmation of human subjectivity.Science and technology,as the most typical embodiment of human＇s labor productivity,are the foundation and power of economic growth and social development.Second,modern technology-industry,on the one hand,as a kind of instrumental rationality,is the force of promoting historical progress.On the other hand,it may also cause the loss of human subjectivity,as an alien force of human.Finally,the confirmation of human subjectivity should be based on highly developing modern technology-industry,and establishment of＂universal communication＂relationship among people,so as to explore the road of humanitarian development of technology by realizing the reasonable development of social relations and improving and transforming modern technology itself.