简化去雄方法对小麦×玉米杂交单倍体胚成胚率的影响

Effect of Simplified Emasculation Methods on Frequency of Haploid Embryo Produced by Wheat × Maize Cross

本研究以不同成胚率的3个小麦DH株系与同一玉米品种杂交,探讨简化去雄方法对成胚率的影响。2年的试验结果表明,常规去雄方法与剪药+喷水、剪颖不去雄、剪药+剪伤部分柱头等3种简化去雄方法的平均成胚率分别为26.53%、26.49%、27.84%和25.60%,4种处理间差异不显著;平均自交结实率分别为1.44%、2.35%、6.13%和3.12%,剪颖不去雄的自交结实率显著高于其他3种处理,自交结实率低的原因与授粉偏迟有关。与常规去雄相比,3种简化去雄方法的去雄效率高5倍以上且单倍体胚成胚率相同,可作为小麦×玉米杂交中批量产生小麦单倍体的高效去雄方法单独或组合使用。

In this study,three wheat DH lines with different haploid embryo rates were crossed with the same maize variety to investigate the effect of simplified emasculation methods on haploid embryo rate in two years＇ experiments. The average embryo rates of the conventional emasculation（ T0,CK） and three simplified ways of cutting partial glumes and top anthers followed by water spraying（ T1）,cutting partial glumes only（ T2）,and cutting partial glumes,anthers and stigma（ T3） are 26. 53 %,26. 49 %,27. 84 % and 25. 60 %,respectively,and there are no significant difference among them. The selfed seed rates of T0,T1,T2,T3 are 6. 13 %,1. 44 %,2. 35 %,3. 12 %,respectively,and there are significant difference between T2 and other three treatments T0,T1 and T3. Higher selfed seed rate is related to the late pollination. Compared with the conventional emasculation,the efficacy of three simplified ways enhance five times,and their embryo producing frequencies are no difference,thus the three simplified ways could be individually or jointly used as efficient emasculation methods in batch producing haploid by wheat × maize crosses.