巨菌草沼渣制备液化多元醇及合成聚氨酯的研究

Synthesis of Liquefied Polyol from Biogas Residues of Pennisetum giganteum and Its Application in Preparation of Polyurethane

以巨菌草经厌氧沼气发酵后产生的沼渣为原料,在聚乙二醇(PEG400)和丙三醇的混合溶剂中进行液化制备液化多元醇。研究了液化条件对液化效果的影响。结果表明:巨菌草沼渣最佳液化条件为液化试剂PEG400/丙三醇(质量比)1.5∶1、液化温度160℃、液化时间1.5 h、液固比(质量比)2.9∶1、催化剂浓硫酸用量为液化试剂质量5%。在此条件下,沼渣液化效果最好,制得的液化多元醇羟值为498 mg/g,适用于聚氨酯硬质泡沫的生产。用液化多元醇部分代替聚醚多元醇制备聚氨酯材料,质量比为1∶1时,所得材料性能最佳,密度和压缩强度分别为38.7 kg/m3和0.21 MPa。

The biogas residues of Pennisetum giganteum were liquefied into bio-polyol in the mixed solvent of poly-ethyleneglycol（ PEG400） and glycerin. The influences of liquefaction conditions on the process of liquefaction were studied. The results indicated that the optimal conditions were mass ratio of PEG400 and glycerin 1. 5∶ 1,mass ratio of liquid and solid 2. 9∶ 1,mass fraction of sulfuric acid compared to the mixed solvent 5 %,liquefaction temperature 160 ℃ and liquefaction time 1. 5 h. Under these conditions,the hydroxyl value of the liquefaction product was 498 mg / g. The best performance of polyurethane foam was obtained by bio-polyol instead of polyether polyol with the mass ratio of 1∶ 1,and the density and compressive strength were 38. 7 kg / m^3 and 0. 21 MPa.