小学生家长对子女的精神暴力及其影响因素分析

Prevalence and influencing factors on psychological violence from parents to child

目的 了解小学生家长对其子女精神暴力行为的发生情况,并探讨精神暴力行为的影响因素。方法 对中国东北地区某城市2所小学1 164名1～6年级小学生家长采用自填式不记名问卷调查,了解其在最近3个月内对子女施加精神暴力状况,利用logistic回归方法分析相关影响因素。结果 1 164名小学生家长中有78.1%报告在最近3个月内曾对子女施加过精神暴力。父母对男童施加精神暴力的比例明显高于对女童（81.3% vs.74.7%,P〈0.01）。多变量logistic回归分析显示,男童（OR=1.684）、母亲（OR=1.640）、家长童年期有被父母精神暴力伤害经历（OR=2.064）、家长对体罚儿童持容忍或赞成态度（OR=2.618）、对儿童精神暴力伤害认识不足（OR=1.666）、家庭经济状况差（OR=1.745）是小学生父母对子女施加精神暴力的危险因素。结论 调查对象中父母对子女施加精神暴力的现象非常普遍。社会应重视家长对儿童的精神暴力问题,提高对其危害的认识。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of psychological violence against children by parents and to explore possible influencing factors.Methods In two primary schools from a city, located in the northeast part of China, 1 164 parents of the pupils from grade 1 to 6, were anonymously surveyed by a self-administered questionnaire, to analyze the situation of psychological violence and influencing factors.Results Of the 1 164 parents, 78.1% reported that they practised psychological violence towards their children.Compared with girls, boys were more psychologically maltreated by their parents（81.3% vs.74.7%, P〈0.01）.Data from the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that following factors increased the risk of psychological violence against children：child being male（OR=1.684）;initiated by the mother（OR=1.640）, parents experiences of psychologically violent victimization（OR=2.064） during their childhood, supportive or tolerant attitudes towards corporal punishment（OR=2.618） from the parents, low awareness of the harmfulness of psychological violence against children（OR=1.666） of the parents, and lower social economic status（OR=1.745） of the family, etc.Conclusion Psychological violence experienced by the parents appeared very common.Prevention programs on psychological violence should be strengthened to increase the awareness of parents on this serious problem.