集群体系知识及其创造机制分析——基于大连软件园的案例研究

Cluster- level Architectural Knowledge and Its Creation Mechanisms Analysis——Case Studies Based on Dalian Software Park

[目的/意义]集群体系知识为集群及其成员带来可持续的整体竞争优势,但其内容维度和特性尚缺乏权威阐释,体系知识的创造机制还处于黑箱状态,揭示体系知识的内容维度及创造机制有利于丰富和完善集群知识理论,并推动集群创新和集群竞争优势理论的发展。[方法/过程]采用单案例的研究方法,选择了大连软件园作为研究对象,通过收集访谈数据、档案数据和文件资料,将所获得的二手资料与一手资料交叉验证,并运用扎根理论对研究数据进行编码分析。[结果/结论]研究提炼出了制度、产业氛围、惯例和普遍的互惠意识作为体系知识四要素,并依据体系知识的形成及作用,划分为主导维度、自发维度及依存维度。揭示了集群体系知识具有偏隐性、根植性,整合性、路径依赖性和知识壁垒性五个特性,进一步阐述了体系知识的创造机制。

[ Purpose/Significance] The cluster-level architectural knowledge is the source to maintain sustainable competitive advantage of clusters, but it＇s content and dimension lack anthority definition, and it＇s creation mechanisms are in the black box. Revealing the char- acteristics of cluster-level architectural knowledge and creation mechanisms for each elements of cluster-level architectural knowledge in favor of the enrich and improvement to the knowledge-based theory of clusters, and promote the development of cluster innovation and competitive advantage theory. [ Method/Process] This article uses the research method of the single case, chose Dalian Software Park as the research object. By collecting interview data, archival data and documents, we cross validate the second-hand information and first- hand information, and use grounded theory to finish data coding and analysis. [ Results/Conclnsions] We extract the institution, industri- al atmosphere, convention and universal mutual benefit as the constituent elements of cluster-level architectural knowledge, and the cluster -level architectural knowledge is divided into three dimensions, namely the dominant dimension, spontaneous dimension and interdepend- ent dimensions. It reveals the cluster system has partial tacit knowledge, rooted, integration, path dependence and knowledge barriers of five properties, further elaborated system of knowledge creation mechanism.