停车价格影响因素及停车政策有效性研究

On the Influencing Factors for Parking Price and Parking Policy's Effectiveness

通过梳理相关文献,对停车定价的影响因素进行了理论研究;根据这些因素之间以及这些因素与停车价格之间的相关关系或因果关系,对停车价格影响的大小进行了实证分析;以现有的对大城市的研究结果为参照,比较了大城市和中等城市停车定价影响因素的异同。实证结果发现,影响停车价格的主要因素是停车需求和停车供给,尤其是停车需求;增加交通供给就会陷入当斯悖论,会诱发更高的交通需求;增加停车供给将会诱发新的停车需求,并会导致恶性循环;提高停车价格能够增加停车供给,同时抑制停车需求。放开停车市场价格,实行市场竞争价格,对于停车资源缺乏的大城市来讲,在抑制停车需求和增加停车供给方面效果显著;对于中等城市来讲,由于竞争激烈和需求的不足,会导致价格偏低,供给不足。公交优先政策对于改变出行方式,减少停车需求具有一定效果。

This paper studied the influencing factors on parking price. According to the causal relationship between these factors and the parking price,and using structural equation model and survey data on the medium-sized city,it empirically analyzed the effects of these factors on the size of the parking price,and compared the similarities and differences of influence factors on parking price between large and mediumsized cities. It＇s found that the main factors affecting parking price are the demand and supply of parking,especially the demand; increasing the traffic supply will fall into a paradox,and induce higher traffic demand;increasing parking supply will cause new parking demand,and lead to a vicious cycle; improving parking price can increase parking supply and decrease parking demand; the implementation of market pricing will decrease parking demand and increase parking supply significantly for the big city,but will lead to low supply for the medium-sized city due to fierce competition and lack of demand. Bus priority policy has a certain effect to change the way of outgoing and could reduce parking demand.