老年人视力障碍

Vision disorders in the elderly

视力障碍是老年人常见问题之一，应注意筛查及预防。本文介绍了一些常见的引起老年人视力下降的疾病，包括白内障、老年性黄斑变性、屈光不正（老视）、糖尿病性视网膜病变等。在这些疾病中，老年性白内障应在初发期进行验光，当视力≤0．4时行手术治疗；老年性黄斑变性中干性黄斑变性可通过药物、饮食起到一定的治疗及预防作用，湿性黄斑变性可应用抗血管内皮生长因子药物；老视应到正规医院验光；糖尿病性视网膜病变应定期复查眼底，发现病变及时治疗，并注意控制血糖。

Visual impairment is one of the common problems in the elderly, and regular screening should be considered for early detection as well as prevention. This article describes some of the common causes of vision loss in older adults, including cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, ametropia （presbyopia） and diabetic retinopathy. Patients with senile cataract should be offered a manifest refraction in the early stage, and surgical treatments are indicated when their vision is less than or equal to 0.4. Prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration may be achieved through medication or dietary adjustment. Vascular endothelial growth factor can be used in the treatment of neovascularage-related macular degeneration. Patients with presbyopia are advised to obtain a manifest refraction. Patients with diabetic retinopathy should be regularly offered an ocular fundus examination and receive early treatment when necessary, with particular attention paid to glycaemic control.