新疆维吾尔自治区不同民族高血压患者心血管病危险分层评估现状分析

Current status regarding the cardiovascular disease-related risk levels among the hypertensive population of different ethnicities in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

目的了解新疆维吾尔自治区（简称新疆）汉族、维吾尔族（维）、哈萨克族（哈）高血压患者危险因素分布情况及危险分层现状，为优化各民族高血压患者治疗方案提供依据。方法采用四阶段整群随机抽样法，在2007年10月至2010年3月抽取新疆6个地区，年龄在18岁以上的汉、维、哈3个民族人群，分析高血压现状及心血管危险因素。结果完成调查项目人数14618人，纳入符合高血压危险分层患者6300例，其中汉族2654例，维族1612例，哈族2034例。高血压患者中以一级高血压为主，汉、维、哈3个民族三级高血压患者的比例中哈族（32．3％）高于汉族（19．1％）和维族（17．3％）。3个民族高血压患者多伴随1个以上危险因素。3个民族心血管危险水平分层（低危、中危、高危和很高危）在高血压患者中的分布为：汉族（19．4％、34．6％、46．1％），维族（17．7％、37．6％、44．7％），哈族（12．5％、38．0％、49．4％）；3个民族在60岁以上的高危与很高危分层中人群比例最高，汉族（55．7％）、维族（50．1％）、哈族（58．1％）；在男性组中的高危与很高危所占比例也最高，汉族（52．5％）、维族（49．4％）、哈族（51．5％）；汉、维、哈3个民族高血压危险分层人群的知晓率分别为（42．0％、45．6％、46．5％），治疗率分别为（29．6％、23．4％、25．2％）。结论新疆汉、维、哈3个民族高血压分层人群以高危与很高危为主，尤其在男性人群和60岁以上人群比例最高；高血压知晓、治疗人群以高危与很高危为主，中危人群知晓比例偏低。

Objective To assess the status of the cardiovascular disease associated risk levels among hypertensive population of Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnicities, in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, to guide hypertension prevention and treatment in different ethnicities. Methods Four stages random cluster sampling method was used, and all the data was collected from Xinjiang local residents aged over 18 between October 2007 and March 2010. Results A total of 14 618 subjects completed this survey, in which 2 654 Han, 1 612 Uygur and 2034 Kazakh people diagnosed with hypertension was included in this research. Most of them were ＂grade 1 hypertension＂, and the percentage of grade 3 hypertension was Han （ 19. 1% ）, Uygur （ 17.3% ） and Kazakh （ 32. 3% ）, respectively. Majority hypertensive people accompanied with 1 risk factor. The risk proportions of low, medium, high and very high in hypertension population of different ethnicities were Han （ 19.4%, 34. 6%, 46. 1% ）, Uygur （ 17. 7%, 37.6%, 44. 7% ）, Kazakh （ 12. 5%, 38. 0%, 49.4% ） respectively. In Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnicities, the percentage of high risk and very high risk was highest in hypertensive men aged over 60 years old. The percentages of hypertension awareness were 42. 0%, 45.6%, 46. 5% and percentages of medicine therapy were 29. 6%, 23.4%, 25.2% for Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnicities, respectively. Conclusions Hypertensive people among Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnicities in Xinjiang are mainly under high risk and very high risk situation of cardiovascular disease, especially in men aged ≥60. The percentage of hypertension awareness and medicine therapy in high risk and very high risk population is the highest, while percentage of awareness in medium risk population is low.