艾滋病疫苗的研究进展

Progress in research on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome vaccine

艾滋病全称获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS),是由人免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染引起的,已成为全球性健康难题。HIV通过攻击CD4^+ T细胞而破坏机体的免疫系统,且该病毒易发生突变,使相应疫苗的设计更加困难,诱导中和抗体产生的同时激发机体的细胞免疫将成为开发有效艾滋病疫苗的新思路。本文对HIV的结构特点及疫苗设计、艾滋病疫苗诱导的细胞及体液免疫作一综述,并对该疫苗的开发前景进行展望。

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （AIDS） caused by human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） infection has become a worldwide health problem. Exploiting an effective HIV vaccine is an urgent task. Once human is infected by HIV-1, CD4＋ T cells will be attacked and the immune system will lose the defending functions. Meanwhile, the variability of HIV makes it difficult to design the corresponding vaccines. Induction of neutralizing antibodies and cellular immunity stimulation will be a promising way to protect body from HIV invasion. This paper reviews the structural characteristics of HIV, design of AIDS vaccine, cellular and humoral immune responses induced by vaccines, as well as the prospect of vaccine development.