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巴基斯坦议会民主制的曲折发展 被引量:2

The Tortuous Development of Representative Democracy in Pakistan
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摘要 1947年巴基斯坦独立时选择了西方议会民主制政体,60余年来议会民主制在巴基斯坦的发展可谓艰难曲折。建国后巴基斯坦用了近10年时间立宪,1956年巴颁布第一部宪法确立议会制,1958年即被军人政权颠覆,此后议会民主制与军人统治经历了三次交替,直至今天议会民主制重又复归。巴基斯坦议会民主制道路如此坎坷,其主要原因是:首先,穆斯林民族理论是巴基斯坦立国的基石,致使议会民主制度建设在巴基斯坦缺乏思想和政治基础;其次是巴基斯坦国内外矛盾错综复杂,在很大程度上消耗了制度建设的时间和精力;再次是与议会制度紧密相连的选举制度和政党制度不健全,导致议会选举的形式民主和政府的不稳定;最后,巴基斯坦军法统治的双重性也在一定程度上延误了民主制的进程。尽管如此,巴基斯坦朝向议会民主制度稳步发展的趋势不会改变。 Pakistan selected the western parliamentary democracy when it got independence in 1947,but the representative democracy has developed arduous and tortuous for decades.It has three alternations of democracy and military rule since1956.The situation is caused by the four reasons:Firstly,the formation of Pakistan is based on Muslim faith.Secondly,the complex contradiction exists domestic and abroad.Thirdly,the country is lack of the perfect election and the party systems.Finally,the duality of military rule delayed parliamentary democracy process.Even though,Pakistan is marching stendily parliamentarism.
作者 朱正梅
出处 《江苏师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 2016年第1期49-55,共7页 Journal of Jiangsu Normal University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition
关键词 巴基斯坦 议会民主制 军人政权 Pakistan parliamentarism tortuousness
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  • 1Kalim Bahadur, "Islam, Sharia, Ulama," in Verinder Grover and Ranjanna Arora eds. , Political System in Pakistan ( Vol. 4 ) : The Islamic State of Pakistan ; The Role of Religion in Politics ( New Delhi : Deep and Deep Publications, 1995 ), pp. 127 -128.
  • 2David Taylor, "The Politics of Islam and Islamization in Pakistan," in James P. Piscatori ed. , Is- lam in the Political Process (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983) , p. 191.
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  • 4Hassan Abbas, Pakistan' s Drift into Extremism : Allah, the Army and American' s War on Terror, p, 101.
  • 5See B. Rahman, " Pakistani Madrasas : Questions & Answers," the International Center for Religion and Diplomacy, Washington DC. http ://www. icrd. org/.
  • 6Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations inPakistan ( Lahore : Mashal Books, 2007).
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  • 8Chietigj Bajpaee, "Pakistan's Extremism Starts at the Top," Asia Times, Feb. 27, 2008.
  • 9See Fareed Zakaria, "The Rise of Illiberal Democracy," Foreign Affairs, November 1997, Vol. 76 (6), pp. 22-43.
  • 10B.M. Chengappa, "Pakistan : The Role of Religion in Political Evolution," Strategic Analysis, Vol. XXIV( 12), II)SA, March 2001. http://www, ciaonet, org.

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