我国地方政府公共服务绩效差异实证分析——基于317个地市级政府公共服务数据

Empirical Analysis on Differences of Public Service Performance of Municipal Governments in China

公共服务是地方政府的一项重要职能,实现基本公共服务均等化发展是其重要目标之一。笔者通过对317个地市级政府的基础设施、教育科技、医疗卫生、文化体育四大类公共服务绩效评估分析,发现公共服务绩效与经济发展水平并不完全呈正相关关系,有些经济发展水平较高或者GDP总量较高的地级市,其公共服务绩效并不是很高;而且,公共服务绩效与本项服务的财政支出水平也并不是同步变化的,有些地市级政府在某类公共服务上的财政支出比重较高,但该项公共服务绩效并不高。另外,不同类别公共服务之间的绩效差异程度也是不同的,比如不同地市之间的基础设施类公共服务的绩效差异就大于文化体育类的绩效差异。这些重要结论,将对进一步实现公共服务均等化发展的政策和制度设计具有实际参考价值。

Public service is an important function of local governments,and its key goal is to achieve the balanced development of basic public services.We evaluated performance of four categories of public services（including infrastructure,education,health,culture and sports）in 317 municipal governments.According to the performance evaluation results and analysis,there were three findings at least.Firstly,it showed the lack of completely positive correlation between the public services performance and the economic development level.Some municipal governments did not get higher public service performance,although they had higher level of economic development and higher total GDP.Secondly,the public service performance and the fiscal expenditure on the corresponding service had not changes in the same proportion.Thirdly,the degree of performance gaps among four categories of public services was different.For example,the performance gap of infrastructure among the 317 municipal governments was greater than the gap of culture and sports performance.These important results provide an actual reference for public policy and system to further realize the equal and balanced development of public services.