奥运会与世锦赛田径项目设置演变的研究

Research on Evolution of Track and Field Events Settings of Olympic Games and World Championships

采用文献资料、数理统计等方法对奥运会和世锦赛田径项目设置演变历程进行研究,旨在为各类学校体育的田径理论教学和奥运会、世锦赛田径项目科研工作提供参考。研究显示:奥运会历史上出现过许多非规范性的田径比赛项目,现今奥运会和世锦赛均设置47个比赛项目。其中,奥运会男、女走跑类项目演变经历了60年和80年时间,世锦赛女子跑类项目设置演变经历了22年时间;奥运会女子跳跃类项目和投掷类项目设置演变均经历了72年时间,世锦赛女子跳跃类项目和投掷类项目设置演变均经历了16年时间;奥运会男子投掷类项目设置演变经历了12年时间;奥运会男子全能类项目设置稍晚,女子项目比男子项目晚近80年,世锦赛男、女全能类项目在第1届世锦赛就已完成设置。奥运会、世锦赛田径项目设置呈现女子项目向男子项目相统一、相规范的倾向。

Using the methods of literature reviews and mathematical statistics to research the evolutions experience for athletics contest of Olympic Games and World championships,this paper aims to give some references for school sports and research on athletics contest of Olympics games and world championships. The conclusion shows that： there had been many non-normative athletics project in the Olympic Games. Now the Olympic Games and World Championships were set up 47 games. The set of male,female walking and running project in the Olympic Games evolved separately 60 years and 80 years. The set of the woman running project in the World Championships evolved 22 years. The set of the women＇s jumping and throwing events in the Olympic Games had undergone 72 years. The set of the women＇s jumping and throwing events in the world championship had undergone 16 years. The set of the men＇s throwing events in the Olympic Games experienced 12 years. Decathlon settings appear later than other project in Olympic. Women＇s events appear later than man project in recent 80 years. Male,female decathlon were set in first World Championships.