“汉臣”抑或“魏臣”:史家笔下荀彧身份的流变

Evolution of Historians' Evaluation of Xun Yu:Wei's or Han's liegeman

荀彧在魏晋以来的史书中被置于曹魏开国功臣和东汉殉国忠臣之列进行评价,体现出史家对荀彧是魏臣还是汉臣的不同认识取向及其变化过程。荀彧因反对曹操称魏公而死后,曹魏政权建立后曾将其排除出魏臣之列。魏晋禅代之际,在陈寿的《三国志》中出现了追认荀彧为魏臣的转变,晋宋更替时荀彧又被范晔和裴松之追认为汉臣,并给予极高的道德评价。王朝更替之际历史叙事表面的相似与相异体现出的历史脉络,为后世提供了追寻魏晋直到刘宋两百余年政治变革深层背景的线索。

The comments of Xun Yu since the Wei and Jin＇s historical books, which regarded as a founding hero in Wei Dynasty or give his life for the Han dynasty, reflected the historians＂ standpoint on the different orientations of Xun Yu is the Wei＇s liegeman or Hafts and its changing process. By the time of the Han gave his regime to the Wei, the court excluded Xun Yu from the list of the Wei＇s liegeman after Xun Yu＇s death. But when Wei gave his regime to the Jin, in Chen Shou＇s The Records of The Three Kngdorns , Xun Yu was recognized as the Wei＇s liegeman. And at the time of the Jin gave his regime to the Song, Xun Yu was not only recognized as the Hafts liegeman by Fan Ye and Pei Songzhi, but also was appraised as a higher moral man. The external similarity or dissimilarity of historical narrative for the dynasty changing point, which reflected the historical development thread, gives our clues to seek the deeper reasons of historical development thread.