无理型“弱者”上访诉苦的话语建构与真实诉求——基于L城中村失地老人上访行为的案例分析

The discursive construction and real demands of the unreasonable weak's petition:Based on the investigation of landless elders in the urban village of Hubei province

基于湖北中部L城中村失地老人及其上访现象的调查和案例分析表明:频繁上访的失地老人多为追求自身额外利益的无理型"弱者"。他们利用自身属于"弱势群体"这一身份,自愿充当大多数"沉默弱者"的代表,建构出一套迎合社会同情与支持、符合国家意志和中央政策意图的话语,片面剪裁事实,并利用政府信访治理的缺失以实现自身的真实利益诉求。这不仅淹没了真正弱者合理诉求的声音,也给基层政权带来了巨大的治理压力。有效治理无理型"弱者"上访诉苦必须努力改善信访的社会舆论环境,转变政府以往以资源来摆平冲突的消极思维模式和信访处理方式,坚持原则和底线,而不是一味妥协。

Through the investigation on the petition of the landless elders in L urban village of Hubei province, this paper found that the so called landless peasants petitioners who usually expressed their plight strategically based on their benefits, values and emotions were unreasonable weak person. They construct a set of complaining campaigns discourse to gain the social sympathy and support in the guise of discourse rights, making use of the system pressure of grassroots regime to achieve their own purpose, which in turn cover most of the reasonable demands and bring great pressure to the grassroots governance. In order to govern the irrational weak petition, this paper proposes to improve the social environment of public opinion for petition, and the government should uphold principles and bottom line when dealing with this kind of petition instead of getting rid of conflicts using resources.