外生型与内生型村民自治模式比较研究——兼论外生型向内生型村民自治转型的条件

Comparative study of exogenous villagers' autonomy and endogenous villagers autonomy: On the transition condition from exogenous autonomy to endogenous autonomy

外生型村民自治产生于20世纪80年代初,是以国家政权建设思维下的国家治理需求为逻辑起点;内生型村民自治则是以21世纪社会建设思维下的农村内生需求为逻辑起点。因应村民自治的发展历程与实践,外生型村民自治的发展路径是从自然村上达到建制村,内生型村民自治的发展路径则是从建制村下沉到自然村或村民小组。外生型村民自治依靠政府外力推动并以组织建设为重心,自治多处于悬空状态;内生型村民自治则在内生外动中建立多层次的村民自治体系,让自治真正落地。从外生型村民自治走向内生型村民自治,必须具备以下条件:一是村民自治实现形式体系应更为丰富,二是村民自治发展路径应更为多元,三是村民自治不能沉迷于小共同体,四是要实现自治与他治的有效衔接。

Exogenous autonomy and endogenous autonomy are two development stages of villager autonomy. Under the thought of state building, exogenous autonomy which was formed in early 1980s makes nation governance requirements as logical point, autonomy upward as development path, and carried out by external drive, but autonomy is in limbo. Under the thought of society construction, endogenous autonomy which began in twenty-first century makes rural domestic demands as logical point, autonomy downward as development path, implemented by internal and external forces, and autonomy is really landing. The necessary qualifications for villager autonomy developing from exogenous autonomy to endogenous autonomy are as following： First, the realization of the system of village autonomy should be more abundant, the second is the path of the development of the villagers should be more diverse, the third is the villager autonomy cannot indulge in small communities, and the fourth is to achieve the effective convergence of autonomy and governance.