秸秆覆盖条件下宽幅精播冬小麦茎秆抗倒性研究

Research of Stalk Lodging Resistance of Winter Wheat with Wide-Precision Planting Pattern under Straw Mulching

为研究秸秆覆盖和宽幅精播对冬小麦茎秆抗倒伏的影响,采用宽幅精播和常规种植,设置秸秆覆盖和不覆盖2种覆盖方式,研究了宽幅精播和秸秆覆盖对冬小麦茎秆主要物理性状参数、机械强度和抗倒伏指数等的影响。结果表明,在拔节期和抽穗期各灌60mm的情况下,冬小麦生育后期茎秆抗倒伏特性与株高、重心高度和倒数第二节间壁厚有较强的相关性。无秸秆覆盖条件下,宽幅精播冬小麦抗倒伏指数和常规种植没有显著差异,而在秸秆覆盖条件下宽幅精播冬小麦抗倒伏指数则显著提高。秸秆覆盖显著降低冬小麦产量,但宽幅精播种植模式能够通过增加穗数弥补秸秆覆盖造成的产量损失。秸秆覆盖和宽幅精播相结合有利于改善冬小麦的抗倒性能,但显著降低冬小麦产量。

In order to illustrate stalk lodging resistance mechanisms in the late growth stage of winter wheat,2kinds of mulching treatments（without mulching and straw mulching）under wide-precision planting and conventional cultivation planting were conducted to study the effect of wide-precision planting and straw mulching on main physical parameters,stalk physical strength and lodging resistance index of winter wheat.The results indicated that the ability of lodging resistance in the late growth stage of winter wheat was significantly correlated with total height,gravity center height and wall thickness of basic secondary internodes under the condition of irrigating 60 mm at jointing and heading stages;different planting patterns without mulching had no significant effect on lodging resistance index,yet the lodging resistance index with wide-precision planting pattern was significantly improved under straw mulching.The grain yield of winter wheat with straw mulching significantly decreased,yet wide-precision planting pattern could effectively improve spike number to make up yield loss.Straw mulching in combination with wide-precision planting pattern was a sound measure to improve stalk lodging resistance characteristics of winter wheat,but reduced the grain yield significantly.