海南省海口市城乡儿童意外伤害横断面调查

A cross-sectional study of the epidemiological characteristics of unintentional injuries among children in Haikou city

目的通过调查海南省海口市城乡儿童意外伤害流行病学特征,为热带海岛地区儿童意外伤害的预防和干预提供依据。方法自行设计儿童意外伤害登记表格,回顾性收集三级甲等医院（海南医学院附属医院、海南省人民医院）和二级甲等医院（海南省海口市第四人民医院、琼山区人民医院）被诊断为意外伤害的0-14岁儿童信息,包括性别、年龄、户籍（城市和农村）、意外伤害时间（以月份为统计）、意外伤害原因、意外伤害地点和伤害结局。结果共收集儿童意外伤害病例2 006例,男童1 114例,女童892例,男、女比例为1.25∶1。儿童性别构成比在1-4岁段不明显（P〉0.05）,5-14岁段男童人数多于女童（P〈0.05）;1-4岁段儿童意外伤害人数最多,随着年龄增长,儿童意外伤害人数逐渐减少（P〈0.05）。1-2月份和5-9月份是儿童意外伤害发生的高峰期。儿童意外伤害发生在家庭总体上农村高于城市（P〈0.01）,发生在学校和公路/街道总体上城市高于农村（P均〈0.05）。儿童意外伤害跌倒/坠落、交通事故总体上城市高于农村（P均〈0.05）,烧烫伤、溺水总体上农村高于城市（P均〈0.05）。导致死亡前3位的意外伤害原因依次是溺水、跌倒/坠落和交通事故,不同伤害原因的儿童意外伤害结局差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论海口地区儿童意外伤害的发生时间和危险因素与其他地区不同,政府、学校和家庭应因地制宜,制定科学的儿童意外伤害干预措施,保障儿童生命健康安全。

Objective To reveal the characteristics and regularity of unintentional injuries among children of the tropical island on the basis of the investigation and analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of unintentional injuries among children in Hai Kou,to improve local unintentional injuries prevention level. Methods A dedicated survey record was established,the epidemiological information of unintentional injuries among children from 2012. 1. 1- 2014. 12. 31 was collected in four third-grade class-A and second-grade class-A hospitals in Hai Kou City. Results There were 2006 cases of unintentional injuries,with the male： female ratio1. 25： 1. The number of male injury was more than female in 5- 14 years group（ P〈0. 05）,there was no difference in 1- 4 years group（ P〈0. 05）,the children of 1- 4 years group were the most of trauma,the number of children was decreased with aging（ P 0. 05）. From July to August and January to February more trauma occurred. Unintentional injuries occurred more at home in the rural children than urban children（ P〈0. 01）,less at school and on road（ P〈0. 05）. Falling and the incidence of traffic accidents occurred more in the urban children than rural children,drowning and burns were less（ P〈0. 05）. The top three causes of death were drowning,falling and road traffic injuries. The prognosis of unintentional injuries had statistical significance in different groups（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion The epidemiological characteristics of unintentional injuries as drowning and traffic accidents among children were different from other areas. Government,schools,hospitals and parents should develop new effective options for prevention on the basis of the epidemiological characteristics of unintentional injuries among children to ensure the health of children.