纳米银液相可控制备的研究进展

Research Progress on the Controllable Solution-Synthesis of Nanosilver

纳米银(银纳米颗粒)是一类新兴的银基功能材料。近15年来,随着液相纳米制备技术的快速发展,纳米银的光学、电学性能以及广谱抗菌等生物活性得以深入地研究,并在光电以及生物医学领域获得了重要应用。大量的研究表明,纳米银的上述优异特性强烈依赖于其尺寸、形貌和结构。因此,纳米银的可控制备将是对其特性的合理调控及后续应用的前提。评述了基于液相的纳米银可控制备的研究进展:首先讨论了液相体系中纳米银的生长机制,之后介绍了主要的制备方法,包括直接化学还原法、种子介导生长法、模板法、光诱导法、微波辅助还原法等。在此基础上,根据颗粒的维度,将纳米银分为零维、一维和二维结构,对上述纳米银的代表性结构的可控制备方法及研究现状分别进行了评述。最后简述了纳米银液相可控制备的未来发展方向。

Nanosilver, comprising silver nanoparticles, is an emerging silver-based functional material. Over the past fifteen years, the progress of solution-synthesis of nanosilver developed rapidly and the excellent properties of nanosilver, including plasmonics, electronics and broad-spectrum antibacterial bioactivities, were extensively investigated and used. Numerous studies indicated that the properties of nanosilver are highly dependent on their size and shape. Therefore controllable synthesis of nanosilver is crucial for optimizing their corresponding properties and expanding the field of applications. This review provides a brief account of solution-synthesis of methods that produce nanosilver controllably. It is organized into four sections ： The first section discusses the nucleation and formation of seeds from which nanosilver evolved into their final morphologies under proper reaction kinetics. The second section summarizes the main methods for solutionsynthesis of nanosilver. The third section discusses the synthesis and research progress of the nanosilver with different dimensional structures. In the fourth section, some perspectives on the controllable solution-synthesis of nanosilver for future work are presented.