破伤风抗毒素皮试标尺的设计与临床应用

The design and clinical application of a tetanus antitoxin skin test scaleplate

目的探讨自制破伤风抗毒素（TAT）皮试标尺的临床应用效果。方法按就诊时间段将2014年1-5月就诊的1 911例外伤患者分为对照组,2014年6~9月就诊的1 379例外伤患者分为观察组,均遵医嘱常规行TAT皮试。对照组由操作护士目测及主观判定皮试结果,观察组采用PVC材料自制的TAT皮试标尺判定皮试结果。结果TAT皮试结果阳性对照组1 661例（86.92%）,观察组813例（58.96%）,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。两组肌内注射TAT后均未发生严重过敏反应。结论 TAT皮试标尺的使用能有效降低破伤风皮试结果阳性率,从而减轻患者脱敏多次注射的痛苦。

Objective To explore the clinical effect of a self-made tetanus antitoxin（TAT）skin test scaleplate.Methods Totally 1911 patients who did the tetanus skin test from January to May in 2014 were chosen as a control group,while another 1379 patients receiving the tetanus skin test from June to September in 2014 were selected as an experimental group.In the control group the nurses determined the result of the skin test through subjective visual inspection,while in the experimental group the result was measured with self-made TAT skin test scaleplates made from PVC.Results The rate of the positive TAT skin test was 58.96%in the experimental group,significantly lower than 86.92%in the control group.For the patients with negative results,no serious allergic reactions occurred after the injection of TAT.Conclusion Using the self-made TAT skin test scaleplate can effectively reduce the positive rate of TAT skin test,which can relieve patients′pain of repeated injections for deallergization.