2014—2015年肇庆市陶瓷行业职业卫生现状调查

Investigation on occupational health status of ceramic industry in Zhaoqing City from 2014-2015

目的了解肇庆市陶瓷行业存在的职业病危害因素及职业卫生现状,为制定监管措施提供科学依据。方法按照采样规范要求,2014—2015年对10家陶瓷企业工作场所中的粉尘、噪声、高温等职业病危害因素进行检测,对劳动者进行职业健康检查,并对企业进行职业卫生调查。结果检测粉尘作业点186个,不合格点134个,超标率为72.0%;检测噪声作业点195个,不合格点148个,超标率为75.9%;检测高温作业点80个,不合格点34个,超标率为42.5%;一氧化碳检测点62个,超标率为3.2%,二氧化硫、二氧化氮各检测23个点,合格率为100%;劳动者职业健康查体746人,肺纹理增粗21人,肺功能异常76人,双耳高频平均听阈提高≥40(d BHL)的有27人、<40(d BHL)的有34人。结论该市陶瓷行业主要存在矽尘、噪声和高温职业病危害,应进一步加强职业卫生监督管理。

[Objective]To understand the occupational hazards and occupational health status in ceramic industry of Zhaoqing City,provide scientific basis for developing the supervision measures. [Methods]According to the sampling requirements,the occupational hazard factors（including dust,noise,and high temperature） in the workplace of 10 ceramic enterprises were detected from 2014-2015,the occupational health examination was performed among workers,and the occupational health survey was conducted in enterprises.[Results]Among 186 dust detection points,134 were unqualified with the exceeding standard rate of72.0%. 148 of 195 noise detection points were unqualified with the exceeding standard rate of 75.9%,and 34 of 80 high temperature detection points were unqualified with the exceeding standard rate of 72.0%. Among 62 carbonic oxide detection points,the exceeding standard rate was 3.2%. The sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were detected in 23 detection points respectively,and the qualified rates were both 100%. Among 746 workers received the occupational health examination,21 showed the increased bronchovascular shadows,76 had the abnormal results of lung function,and 61 had the increased binaural high frequency hearing threshold,which 27 were higher than 40（d BHL） and 34 were lower than 40（d BHL）.[Conclusion]The main occupational hazards in ceramics enterprises are silica dust,noise and high temperature. It is necessary to further strengthen the occupational health supervision and management.