2005—2014年襄阳市襄州区中小学生法定传染病疫情分析

Analysis on epidemic situation of notifiable infectious diseases among middle and primary school students in Xiangzhou District of Xiangyang City from 2005-2014

目的掌握襄阳市襄州区中小学生传染病的流行病学特点,为加强学校传染病防制工作提供指导。方法采用描述流行病学方法,分析2005—2014年襄州区中小学生传染病发病资料。结果 10年间,襄州区中小学生无甲类传染病发生;乙、丙类传染病共发生25种3 030例,年均发病率为272.61/10万,2006年发病率为594.26/10万,2007年为331.68/10万,2014年为105.49/10万。小学生以呼吸道传染病为主,其次是肠道传染病;初中生主要是经血和性传播疾病、肠道传染病;高中生以经血和性传播疾病为主,其次是呼吸道传染病。6月份为发病高峰;男女性别比为2.02∶1;发病居前6位的病种为乙型肝炎(乙肝)、腮腺炎、肺结核、菌痢、疟疾、手足口病,占发病总数的88.65%。结论 2005—2014年襄州区中小学生传染病发病率呈下降趋势,发生较多的是腮腺炎、手足口病,在做好乙肝等重点传染病防制工作的基础上,呼吸道传染病以腮腺炎、消化道传染病以手足口病为防制重点,对病死率较高的狂犬病以及危害严重的艾滋病也应给予重点关注。

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases among middle and primary school students in Xiangzhou District of Xiangyang City,provide guidance for strengthening the prevention and control of infectious diseases in school.[Methods]The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic data of infectious diseases among middle and primary school students in Xiangzhou District from 2005-2014.[Results]No category A infectious disease case of middle and primary school student was reported in Xiangzhou District in 10 years,and there were 3 030 cases of 25 category B and C infectious diseases. The average annual incidence rate was 272.61/lakh,and annual incidence rate was 594.26/lakh in2006,331.68/lakh in 2007 and 105.49/lakh in 2014. The incidence rate of respiratory infectious diseases was the highest mong primary school students,followed by intestinal infectious diseases. The incidence rates of blood-borne diseases and sexually transmitted diseases,and intestinal infectious diseases were the highest among junior high school students. The blood-borne diseases and sexually transmitted diseases were most common among senior high school students, followed by respiratory infectious diseases. The peak season appeared June,and male-to-female ratio was 2.02：1. The top 6 infectious diseases were hepatitis B,mumps,tuberculosis,bacillary dysentery,malaria,hand,foot and mouth disease,which the cases accounted for88.65% of total cases.[Conclusion]The incidence rate of infectious diseases among middle and primary school students shows a downtrend in Xiangzhou District from 2005-2014,and the common diseases include mumps and hand,foot and mouth disease.On the basis of prevention and control of key infectious diseases（such as hepatitis B）,it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases（mumps） and intestinal infectious diseases（hand,foot and mouth disease）,and pay great attention to the rabies which has higher fatality rate and AIDS which has serious harm.