2005—2014年北京市丰台区麻疹流行病学分析与监测系统运转评价

Epidemiological analysis of measles and evaluation on the operation condition of measles surveillance system in Fengtai District of Beijing from 2005-2014

目的分析2005—2014年北京市丰台区麻疹流行病学特征,评价麻疹监测系统（MSS）的运转情况,为消除麻疹提供科学依据。方法自《中国免疫规划信息管理系统》和《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》的麻疹监测信息报告管理系统收集相关信息,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果共报告疑似麻疹患者3 582例,确诊3 161例,年均发病率为17.1/10万。麻疹全年均有发病,以3—6月为高峰。8月龄—14岁患者中,有免疫史的占38.2%。对报告的麻疹疑似患者48 h调查率为94.0%～100.0%,血标本采集率从48.3%提高至2014年的98.6%,血标本采集后3 d内送达率以及血清学结果 4 d内反馈率均〉80.0%。暴发疫情病原学标本采集率为60.0%～100.0%,实验室确诊率为100.0%。结论麻疹疫情呈现周期性波动,免疫空白是麻疹高发的主要原因,应提高含麻疹成分疫苗接种率和监测系统的运转质量。

[Objective]To provide scientific basis for measles elimination by analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of measles and evaluating the operation condition of measles surveillance system（MSS） in Fengtai District of Beijing from 2005-2014.[Methods]Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data which were collected from the measles surveillance information reporting management system of China immunization program Information management system and the China disease prevention and control information system.[Results]Totally 3 582 suspected measles cases were reported during 2005-2014,and3 161 cases were confirmed with the average annual incidence of 17.1/lakh. The measles cases occurred throughout the year,and the peak season appeared March to June. Among patients aged 8 months to 14 years old,38.2% had immunization history. The proportion of suspected measles cases were investigated within 48 hours was 94.0%-100.0%. The collection rate of serum specimens increased from 48.3% to 98.6% in 2014,and the delivery rate of serum specimens to laboratory within 3 days after collection and feedback rate of serological results to doctor were both higher than 80.0%. In the outbreaks,the collection rates of pathogenic specimens were between 60.0% and 100.0%,and the laboratory-confirmed rate was 100.0%. [Conclusion]The epidemic situation of measles has appeared the cyclical fluctuations,and non-immunization history is the main cause of high incidence rate of measles. It is necessary to enhance the coverage rate of measles vaccine and improve the operation quality of measles surveillance system.