2009—2014年宁德市疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析

Analysis on surveillance of suspected adverse events following immunization in Ningde City from 2009-2014

目的了解宁德市2009—2014年疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)的分布特征,评价AEFI监测系统运转情况及预防接种安全性。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对宁德市2009—2014年AEFI个案数据进行分析。结果全市2009—2014年共报告AEFI个案909例,AEFI发生率为13.78/10万剂。48 h内报告率91.97%;在99例需要调查的AEFI中,48 h内调查及时率96.97%;AEFI报告数男女性别比为1.35∶1。<1岁组报告数最多,占41.14%;其次为1岁组,占26.84%。病例主要集中在5—8月;无细胞百白破疫苗报告最多为347例,占38.17%。临床损害主要以发热/红肿/硬结和过敏性皮疹为主,其中发热/红肿/硬结占62.82%,过敏性皮疹占12.21%;AEFI分类诊断中一般反应占96.37%,异常反应占2.97%;88.89%的AEFI在接种后1天内发生。结论宁德市疫苗接种安全性良好,AEFI监测工作取得了显著进步,但监测系统的敏感性仍需进一步提高。

[Objective]To know the distribution features of suspected adverse events following immunization（AEFI）in Ningde City from 2009-2014,evaluate the operation status of AEFI surveillance system and the safety of immunization. [Methods]The data of AEFI cases in Ningde City from 2009-2014 were analyzed by using the descriptive epidemiological method. [Results]Totally 909 AEFI cases were reported from 2009 to 2014,and the incidence rate of AEFI was 13.78/10 000 doses. The proportion of cases reported within 48 hours was 91.97%. Among 99 cases that needed to be investigated,the proportion of those were investigated within 48 hours was 96.97%. The ratio of male-female was 1.35：1. The cases in 1 year-old age group accounted for the greatest proportion,which was 41.14%,followed by 1～2 year-old age group（26.84%）. The peak season appeared May to August. There were 347 cases caused by DTa P vaccine,which accounted for 38.17%. The most common clinical damages included fever/redness and swelling/scleroma and allergic eruption,while the fever/redness and swelling/scleroma accounted for 62.82%,and allergic eruption accounted for 12.21%. 96.37% of cases were minor reaction,and 2.97% were severe reaction. 88.89% cases occurred the reaction within one day after vaccination. [Conclusion]The safety of immunization is good in Ningde City, and AEFI surveillance work has made remarkable progress. However,the sensitivity of the AEFI surveillance system needs to be further improved.