咸水灌溉对三种柽柳幼苗成活和生长状况的影响

Effects of different mineralized irrigation water on seedling survival and growth of three species of Tamarix in Taklimakan desert

为了开发利用塔里木沙漠公路沿线地下咸水进行沙漠公路绿化,文中选取公路两侧三种典型柽柳植物（多花柽柳（Tamarix hohenackeri Bge.）、刚毛柽柳（Tamarix hispida Willd.）和中华柽柳（Tamarix chinensis Lour.））为研究对象,以塔克拉玛干沙漠风沙土土壤为基质进行植苗大田试验,分别选用2,5,10,15,20,28 g/L等6种矿化度咸水对其进行灌溉处理。基于植物存活率、保存率和生长量分析了咸水灌溉对三种柽柳生长状况的影响。结果表明：1）三种柽柳属植物在灌溉水矿化度〈15 g/L时生长最好;2）从萌发至成活阶段,中华柽柳对于高矿化度水灌溉的适应能力强于多花柽柳和刚毛柽柳,但在后期生长阶段,适应能力比多花柽柳和刚毛柽柳弱;除矿化度2 g/L灌溉的植物生长量略低于5~10 g/L外,其余基本随灌溉水矿化度增加而减小;3）从三种植物对比来看,中华柽柳对不同矿化度的灌溉水适应能力最强,多花柽柳次之,刚毛柽柳适应能力最弱。

In order to exploit and utilize saline groundwater with different mineralizations in Taklimakan desert for afforesting the shelterforests along the side of Tarim Desert Highway, the experiment of afforestation with different saline groundwater irrigation was carried out in the north marginal zone of the Taklimakan desert. Three species of Tamarix L, namely, T. chinensis Lour, T. hohenackeri Bge , T. hispida Willd seedlings , which were irrigated with saline groundwater at a salinity gradient of 2g/L, 5g/L, 10g/L, 15g/L,20g/L and 28g/L, were planted in the sandy soil. This study analyzed the effects of different mineralized irrigation water on seedling survival and growth of three species of Tamarix by their survival rate, retained rate and growth. The results are as follows ： （ 1 ） The seedlings of three species of Tamarix L. irrigated with the groundwater whose salinity was less than 15 g/L were growing the best. （2） In the early growing stage the T. chinensis Lour growed better than T. hohenackeri Bge and T. hispida Willd, but did not in the latter growing stages; its adapting ability to saline groundwater irrigation from germinating stages to regular growing stages was higher than that of T. hohenackeri Bge and T. hispida Willd. The plant growth decreased with the increasing salinity of irrigation water except that the plant growth under the salinity of 2g/L was slightly less than that under 5 - 10g/L. （3）The comparison re- veals that T. chinensis Lour is the best for its ability to adapt to different saline groundwater irrigation, T. ho- henackeri Bge is the second, and T. hispida Willd is the poorest.