施用河道污泥对水稻和土壤重金属含量及水稻氮素利用的影响

Effects of dredged sludge application on heavy metal content and nitrogen use efficiency in rice-soil system

2013—2014年以苏州市相城区望亭镇某河道污泥为研究对象,以农田施用污泥20 kg?m^(-2)和不施用污泥为主处理,以施氮肥120 kg(N)?hm^(-2)(LN)和240 kg(N)?hm^(-2)(NN)为副处理,连续两季种植粳稻品种‘武运粳24’,研究河道污泥农田施用对水稻和土壤重金属含量及水稻氮素利用的影响。结果表明:1)河道污泥农田施用,显著提高了稻田土壤有机质含量、速效氮含量和重金属Cu、Zn、Pb含量,水稻产量平均增加7.05%,水稻籽粒中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb含量分别增加53.66%、18.71%和802.29%,水稻吸氮量显著增加,氮素利用效率显著降低。2)河道污泥施用后,较高施氮量(NN)增加了稻田土壤有机质含量和速效氮含量,对稻田土壤重金属含量和水稻籽粒中重金属含量影响不大,水稻产量、水稻吸氮量显著增加,但氮素利用效率显著降低。3)污泥处理条件下,与第1季相比较,第2季稻田土壤重金属Cu、Zn、Pb含量平均下降5.0%左右、籽粒中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb含量下降7.27%~12.65%,但均显著大于不施河道污泥的对照处理。4)污泥×氮肥、污泥×年度、氮肥×年度和污泥×氮肥×年度的互作效应对稻田土壤养分含量、重金属含量,水稻产量、籽粒重金属含量和水稻氮素吸收利用的影响均未达显著水平。

The application of dredged sludge in agricultural soils has become a promising disposal and utilization method of sludge that improves soil properties and enhances plant productivity. A field experiment of rice（‘Wuyunjing 24’） cultivation was conducted in 2013 and 2014 with application of 20 kg·m-2 dredged sludge from a polluted river in Xiangcheng District, Suzhou City. In the field research, two levels of nitrogen（N） application [LN, 120 kg（N）·hm-2; NN, 240 kg（N）·hm-2] were arranged to determine the effects of application of dredged sludge on physicochemical properties of soil, rice yield, heavy metals contents of rice grain and soil, and nitrogen use efficiency under different N application levels. The results showed that： 1） compared with no dredged sludge application（CK） treatment, field application of dredged sludge significantly increased soil organic matter and available nitrogen contents in paddy field at different growth stages of rice. Dredged sludge application significantly increased the contents of heavy metals（Cu, Zn, Pb） in soil, while it fell below the controlled plant standards for agricultural use. Field application of dredged sludge significantly increased rice yield by 7.05%（P 〈 0.01）, the contents of Cu, Zn and Pb in rice grain by an average of 53.66%（P 〈 0.01）, 18.71%（P 〈 0.01） and 802.29%（P 〈 0.01）, respectively. Dredged sludge application improved nitrogen accumulation in rice, but reduced N use efficiency of rice biomass（NUEp） and N use efficiency of rice grain（NUEg）. 2） High nitrogen supply increased soil organic matter, available nitrogen, rice yield and rice nitrogen accumulation under application of dredged sludge, but had no effect on the contents of heavy metals in soil and rice grain, while NUEp and NUEg showed the reverse trends. 3） The contents of heavy metals in the soil under dredged sludge treatment decreased by 5.0%, and in rice grain decreased by 7.27%-12.65% in the second experimental season compared with that of the first experimental season. However, the contents of heavy metals in soil under dredged sludge treatment were still higher than that under CK treatment. 4） Most of the interactions between dredged sludge ＆ N, dredged sludge ＆ time, N ＆ time, and dredged sludge ＆ N ＆ time had no significant effect on the contents of soil nutrients and heavy metals, rice yield, heavy metals in rice grain, and on nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency of rice. It was therefore concluded that field application of dredged sludge increased soil nutrient, rice yield and heavy metals contents in rice grain and soil. However, nitrogen use efficiency showed the reverse trend.