猪粪还田对土壤硝态氮淋失的影响研究--以黄灌区稻旱轮作制为例

Effect of swine manure application to soil nitrate leaching of paddy-upland rotation-A case study in the Yellow River irrigation area

宁夏引黄灌区是水污染严重地区之一,大部分排水沟水质属于劣五类,主要污染物是硝态氮与铵态氮.猪粪还田试验共有3个处理:传统施肥+空白(CK)、传统施肥+猪粪还田4500kg/hm^2(T1)和传统施肥+猪粪还田9000kg/hm^2(T2).采用树脂芯法测定了30,60,90cm土层的硝态氮淋失量.结果表明,30cm土层处,猪粪还田没有明显增加土壤硝态氮淋失.与对照(15.96±0.41)kg/hm^2相比,T1(16.85±0.40)kg/hm^2与T2(17.01±0.46)kg/hm^2没有达到显著差异(P>0.05);60cm土层处理与对照也没有达到显著差异;90cm土层处的猪粪处理与对照达到显著差异,处理之间没有差异.猪粪还田有利于土壤有机质和总氮提高,30cm土层,与对照相比,T1和T2的有机质增加0.95g/kg和1.41g/kg,分别提高7.50%和11.13%;总氮增加0.06和0.16g/kg,分别提高7.72%和22.04%.猪粪还田提高了作物产量,水稻增产12.26%~11.56%,冬小麦产量提高9.32%~12.52%.

Water pollution is severe in Ningxia irrigation zone and water quality is classified as Inferior Category V in many of drainage ditches.The main pollutants are nitrate and ammonium.A 5-year swine manure application trial and nitrate leaching losses have been conducted.There are 3 treatments：traditional without manure（CK）,traditional matched manure 4500kg/hm^2（T1） and traditional matched manure 9000kg/hm^2（T2）.Nitrate nitrogen leaching losses at 30,60,90 cm soil layers have been measured by resin core method.The results indicate that swine manure application cannot obviously increase soil nitrate leaching losses at 30 cm layer.Contrasting with CK（15.96±0.41） kg/hm^2,T1（16.85±0.40）kg/hm^2 and T2（17.01±0.46） kg/hm^2 do not reach significant differences（P0.05）,the same result as at the 60 cm layer.However there are significant differences between treatments and CK and no significant differences between T1 and T2 at90 cm layer.Manure application can increase soil organic matter and total nitrogen.SOM of T1 and T2 are increased 0.95 and 1.41g/kg,which are improved 7.50%and 11.13%.TN of T1 and T2 are increased 0.06 and 0.16 g/kg at 0-30cm layer,which are improved 7.72%and 22.04%.Manure application can increase crop yield,rice yield is increased12.26%-11.55%,but also winter wheat yield is increased 9.32%-12.52%.