粳稻品种在黔中地区的生态适应性

Ecological Adaptability of Japonica Rice in Central Guizhou

为探明粳稻品种在黔中地区的生态适应性,以杂交籼稻品种冈优527为对照,选用具有高产潜力的12个粳稻品种为试验材料,研究各品种产量及产量构成因素、生育期、株高、干物质积累量等生长发育特性。结果表明：杂交粳稻品种较适宜在本地区种植,表现为生育进程与对照品种同步,全生育期158d,株高97~108cm,抽穗期干物质积累量介于701.5~721.8kg/667m2,抽穗至成熟阶段干物质积累量占总积累量的40%左右,有效穗数为13.3万~15.6万穗/667m2,穗粒数为198.6~236.7粒,结实率为78.8%~83.6%,千粒重约27g,最终产量为628.3~723.0kg/667m2。常规粳稻品种产量为414.0~606.9kg/667m2,平均产量515.6kg/667m2,产量较低的主要原因是抽穗后干物质积累受阻,穗型较小,库容充实度较差。

The yield,yield components,growth period,height and dry matter accumulation of 12 Japonica rice varieties with high yield potential were analyzed by using Gangyou 527（hybrid indica rice variety）as CK to discuss the ecological adaptability of Japonica rice varieties in Central Guizhou.Results：Three tested hybrid Japonica rice varieties can be planted in Central Guizhou because their growth process is similar to CK.Total growth period,height,dry matter accumulation at heading stage proportion of dry matter accumulation in total accumulation from heading to maturity,effective spikes,seeds per spike,setting percentage,1000-grain weight and final yield of three hybrid Japonica rice varieties are 158 d,97~108cm,701.5~721.8kg/667m2,,40%,13.3~15.6ten thousand/667m2,198.6~236.7,78.8% ~83.6%,about 27 g and 628.3~723.0kg/667m2 respectively.The yield of common japonica rice varieties is 414.0~606.9kg/667m2 and the average yield is 515.6kg/667m2.The main reasons to result in lower yield of common japonica rice varieties are frustration of dry matter accumulation after heading,small spike type and poor grain filling rate.