准噶尔盆地三种荒漠植物木质部导管解剖特征

The anatomy characteristics of xylem vessel of three typical desert plants in Junggar basin

运用植物形态解剖学方法对荒漠植物木质部导管的解剖特征进行了观察和分析,针对准噶尔盆地的三种典型荒漠植物,研究荒漠植物木质部导管对干旱环境的生态适应性。结果表明:三种天然荒漠植物木质部导管具有较小的平均导管长度、平均导管直径、平均水力直径,而导管密度、单导管壁厚度相对较大。天然多枝柽柳的宽导管(50%)较多,而梭梭、无叶假木贼的窄导管(62%、66%)较多且导管密度较大。三种荒漠物种的解剖特征反映了荒漠区木本植物对干旱环境的适应策略,在研究植物的生态适应方面具有重要的理论意义。

The functional characteristics of xylem vessel of three typical desert plants including Tamarix ramosis- sima, Haloxylon ammodendron and Anabasis aphylla in Junggar basin were analyzed using the experiment method of plants morphology anatomy in order to study the ecological adaptation of xylem vessel between natural and arti- ficial habitats. The results show that compared to the xylem vessel of the artificial plants, the natural desert plants were smaller in vessel length, single vessel diameter, hydraulic diameter, and bigger in vessel density, single vessel thickness. The wide vessel of natural T. ramosissima reaches 50% of total, while the narrow vessel of H. ammodendron and A. aphylla respectively reach 62% and 66% of total and the xylem vessel density is higher than T. ramosissima. These traits provides a biological mechanism to protect the plant from extreme drought conditions and represents an adaptive strategy of desert shrubs to the harsh environment, and is of impor- tant significance in studying ecological adaptation of desert plant.