HAZOP技术在某化学品码头装卸作业职业病危害防控中的应用

Application of HAZOP in prevention and control for occupational hazards in a chemicals port

目的运用危险和可操作性分析技术,预防和控制某化学品码头装卸作业的主要职业病危害因素。方法基于危险和可操作性分析(HAZOP),结合职业卫生学调查、职业卫生检测、工作场所职业病危害作业分级等方法,对码头化学品装卸作业的职业病危害进行HAZOP分析,进行超标点整改和效果验证。结果 2009-2010年,该化学品码头主要装卸混合芳烃、甲醇和苯乙烯,装卸作业的主要职业病危害因素为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、甲醇和苯乙烯。根据《工作场所职业病危害分级第2部分:化学物》(GBZ/T 229.2-2010),混合芳烃装船接管时,苯的最高值达112 mg/m^3,属于重度危害作业;甲醇卸船接管时最高值达73.6 mg/m^3,属于中度危害作业。从规范操作、个人防护、泄漏防控等方面进行整改后,2011-2014年的苯、甲醇检测结果符合职业接触限值要求。结论HAZOP技术适用于某化学品码头装卸作业的职业病危害防控,有助于降低装卸工的化学毒物接触水平。

Objective To prevent and control the main occupational hazards in the chemicals port by hazard and operability analysis（ HAZOP）. Methods Occupational hazards of handling operation in the chemicals port were analyzed based on occupational hygiene investigation,occupational health inspection,classification of occupational hazards at workplaces and HAZOP technology. Rectification measures and verification were carried out to occupational hazards at workplaces which exceeded the permissible concentration-short term exposure limit（ PC-STEL）. Results From 2009 to 2010,the major cargo of this port were mixed benzol,methanol and phenylethylene. The main occupational hazards of handling operation were benzene,methylbenzene,dimethylbenzene,methanol and phenylethylene. According to GBZ / T 229. 2-2010 Classification of Occupational Hazards at Workplaces Part 2： Occupational Exposure to Chemicals,benzene concentration-short term exposure（ CSTEL） of mixed benzol ship-loading operation was up to 112 mg/m^3,and it belonged to severe harm operation. Methanol concentration-short term exposure（ CSTEL） of ship-discharging operation was up to 73. 6 mg/m^3,and it belonged to medium harm operation. From 2011 to 2014,occupational health inspection results of benzene and methanol conformed to PC-STEL after improving operation standard,personal protective equipment and leak prevention. Conclusion HAZOP technology can be used to occupational hazards prevention and control in chemicals port,and it has contributed to reduce the chemical hazards exposure level of stevedores.