董仲舒和奥古斯丁本体比较管窥

Brief Probe into Comparing the Ontology of Dong Zhongshu with That of Augustine

董仲舒与奥古斯丁的本体——天与上帝存在许多相通相异之处。相通之处,在于两者都运用了理性的思辨方法,将本体划分为三个结构;而相异之处,则是董仲舒强调人的行为,天只是以人事为依归出现,而天人关系在"天人感应"中达到圆融,因此董仲舒的"天"是一个融通的大而化之的存在,并没有强烈的本体结构;奥古斯丁则是将上帝看做人的根本,而不是相反,因此,奥古斯丁更突出地构建了上帝的三位一体的本体结构。两者的比较体现了中西方思想的不同路径,即中国的思想是人文色彩的形上路径,不具备严格的本体论思维,西方则是神本色彩的本体路径,具备强烈的本体思辨特色。

The ontology of Dong Zhongshu and Augustine——heaven and God have many similarities and differences.The similarity lies in that they both use rational method to divide the ontology into three structures.The difference is that Dong Zhongshu emphasizes human＇s behaviors,and the heaven is just the reflection of human＇s behaviors,then the relationship between heaven and human comes to harmony through the theory of ＂correspondence between man and universe＂.So Dong Zhongshu＇s heaven is the existence which is lack of the element of noumenon.But Augustine takes the God as the origin of human.Therefore,Augustine constructed the Trinity of God to express his ontology.The comparison between them reflects the different paths of Chinese and Western thoughts,that is,the Chinese thought is the metaphysical path,and doesn＇t have a strict ontological thinking,while the western thought has a strong feature of ontology.