海德格尔论哲学作为元科学

Heidegger on Philosophy as Primordial Science

1919年,海德格尔作为胡塞尔的助手在弗莱堡大学开设了他的第一门讲授课,这门课的讲稿在海德格尔德文全集中被命名为《哲学的观念与世界观问题》。在这本书中海德格尔发展出了一种新的哲学方法——解释学直观,他将这种方法视为一种不同于传统形而上学以及认识论的新的第一哲学,并将之称为"元科学"。这种元科学的出发点并不在于提供一种新的世界观,而是对于人的"知识"或者说理解世界的方式的重新界定。海德格尔认为周遭世界体验是比理论性经验更为原初的理解世界的方式,在这个意义上作为元科学的哲学就是《存在与时间》中的基础存在论的理论原型。

Shortly after World War I,Heidegger offered his first course at the University of Freiburg,which is called＂The Idea of Philosophy and the Problem of Worldview＂. In this course,he developed a new philosophical method – hermeneutical intuition. He saw his method as a new form of first philosophy or primordial science different from traditional metaphysics and epistemologies. This paper focuses on two key issues of his course： 1. In which sense can hermeneutical phenomenology be seen as first philosophy？ 2. What is the difference between it and traditional metaphysics or epistemology？