失能老年护理专业养老模式的研究进展

Process of research on professional pension mode of nursing for the disabled elderly

目的综述国内外失能老年专业养老模式的研究进展，为我国失能老年专业化养老模式发展提供参考。方法文献回溯搜集失能老年养老护理模式相关资料，归纳总结当前最新研究结果。结果国内失能老年长期护理的模式有家庭式、机构式、居家一社区式三种，2014年我国学者提出“类家庭”长期照护模式的构想及医养结合专业养老模式。国外的失能老年长期护理模式主要有日本的介护服务模式、加拿大的人文关怀融人的康复护理环境中失能进展过程模式及备用房屋模式、美国的高级实践护士主导的成人发展性失能家庭干预模式。结论我国失能老年护理专业养老模式的建立需要体现本国文化的特殊性，建立失能进程的预防体系及完善的监督评价体系，建立辅以符合国情的护理保险或补贴制度，建立有效运营的管理机制和标准化的社会养老服务。

Objective To discussed the professional pension mode of disabled elderly at home and abroad, to provide a reference for the development of professional pension mode. Methods The literature reviewed and collected the information about pension care mode of disabled elderly, summarized the latest research results. Results The domestic long-term care of elderly disability mode includes three types ： family type, institution type and home-community type. By 2014 Chinese scholars proposed the view of ＂class family＂ long-term care mode and medical professional pension mode ; the foreign long-term care of elderly disability modes mainly includes the Nursing Intervention Long-term care services of Japan, the Caring-Disability Creation Process mode and Alternate housing modes of Canada, Nursing Intervention Classification in an Advance Practice Registered Nurse-Led preventive Mode of American. Conclusions The establishment of the nursing pension mode for the disabled elderly should reflect our national characteristics, to establish disabled elderly system and improve the supervision and evaluation system, supplemented care insurance or subsidy system in line with the national conditions, managed mechanisms to achieve standardization of social care services and effective operations.