中国自然保护区经济投入特征与问题分析

Characteristics of and Problems in Economic Investment in Nature Reserves of China

通过问卷调查、咨询自然保护区负责人和文献收集的方式搜集了我国自然保护区经济投入方面的资料,以2013年数据为基础,分析了我国自然保护区资金投入在渠道、规模、水平和使用等方面的现状与存在的问题。结果表明,1 262个国家级和省级自然保护区的资金投入规模约为183.88亿元,平均每个自然保护区投入1 457.06万元,单位面积的平均投入为13 801.42元·km-2。我国对自然保护区的投入在1999—2009年的10 a间增加2.99倍,2009—2013年的4 a间又增加2.45倍。对比发现,我国国家级自然保护区的资金投入总量略低于美国国家公园,单个国家级自然保护区的投入仅是单个美国国家公园投入的74.8%,国家级自然保护区单位面积的投入仅占美国国家公园单位面积投入的27.0%。资金投入多头掌控、资金投入与经营收入未统筹和资金使用限制不合理等原因导致自然保护区资金投入的整体不足和结构性缺乏。

Data about the economic investment in nature reserves were collected by means of questionnaire and consultation with leading officials of the nature reserves and retrieval from literature in 2013 for analysis of status quo of and problems in funding of the nature reserves,concerning channel,scale,level and use. Results show that the nation invested a total of 18 388 million yuan RMB into the 1 262 national / provincial nature reserves or on average 14. 570 6 million yuan RMB per reserve or 13 801. 42 yuan RMB per unit area（ km-2）. The funds invested into the nature reserves increased by2. 99 times from 1999 to 2009,and by 2. 45 times from 2009 to 2013. Comparison shows that the total fund China put into the nature reserve was a bit lower than that the US government put into the national parks. However,the funding of an individual national nature reserve amounted only to 74. 8% of that of an American national park,and only 27. 0% in terms of funding per unit area. The funds of the nature reserves were controlled by different administration departments,who did not have any integrated budgeting of their incoming funds and revenue,which added to irrational restriction of expenditure and led to shortage and structural deficiency of funds for the nature reserves as a whole.