One Health--应对新发传染病的新理念

One Health——A new approach to control emerging infectious diseases

近几十年来,多种新发和再发传染病在世界各地不断造成暴发流行,其中超过75%为人兽共患病,对人类和动物健康均造成威胁,同时食源性人兽共患病还引起多种食品安全问题。随着全球范围的交流越来越频繁,这些传染病的传播速度逐渐加快,传播范围也逐渐扩大,传统单一的控制策略已无法对其进行有效防控。在此背景下,One Health理念逐渐形成。该理念倡导使用多学科交流、多部门协作及跨地域合作的策略来控制传染病,已在多个国家和地区成功应用。本文就One Health理念在国内外的发展及应用实例进行简要概述。

Nearly 75% of the emerging and recurrent infectious diseases detected in the last decade are caused by zoonosis,and most of these infective agents have the ability to cross boundaries between humans and animals.Foodborne zoonosis can cause many serious food safety problems.As global communication becomes more and more frequent,infection spread becomes faster in speed and wider in scope.It is difficult to prevent and control zoonosis effectively by using traditional and single strategy.The One Health concept is based on joint efforts of multiple subjects,departments and regions to achieve a best situation for humans,animals,and the environment.This strategy will bring new ideas to the control of infectious diseases,and has been successfully applied in some countries and regions.Taking an international perspective,the authors will explain the One Health concept and enumerate some application examples briefly in this review.